Legal provisions of COM(2017)676 - Emission performance standards for new passenger cars, light commercial vehicles as part of the integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles (recast)

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dossier COM(2017)676 - Emission performance standards for new passenger cars, light commercial vehicles as part of the integrated approach to ...
document COM(2017)676 EN
date April 17, 2019

Contents

Article 1 - Subject matter and objectives

1. This Regulation establishes CO2 emissions performance requirements for new passenger cars and for new light commercial vehicles in order to contribute to achieving the Union's target of reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, as laid down in Regulation (EU) 2018/842, and the objectives of the Paris Agreement and to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market.

2. From 1 January 2020, this Regulation sets an EU fleet-wide target of 95 g CO2/km for the average emissions of new passenger cars and an EU fleet-wide target of 147 g CO2/km for the average emissions of new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union, as measured until 31 December 2020 in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 together with Implementing Regulations (EU) 2017/1152 and (EU) 2017/1153, and from 1 January 2021 measured in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.

3. This Regulation will, until 31 December 2024, be complemented by additional measures corresponding to a reduction of 10 g CO2/km as part of the Union's integrated approach referred to in the Commission's communication of 7 February 2007 entitled ‘Results of the review of the Community Strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from passenger cars and light-commercial vehicles’.

4. From 1 January 2025, the following EU fleet-wide targets shall apply:

(a)for the average emissions of the new passenger car fleet, an EU fleet-wide target equal to a 15 % reduction of the target in 2021determined in accordance with point 6.1.1 of Part A of Annex I;

(b)for the average emissions of the new light commercial vehicles fleet, an EU fleet-wide target equal to a 15 % reduction of the target in 2021 determined in accordance with point 6.1.1 of Part B of Annex I.

5. From 1 January 2030, the following EU fleet-wide targets shall apply:

(a)for the average emissions of the new passenger car fleet, an EU fleet-wide target equal to a 37,5 % reduction of the target in 2021 determined in accordance with point 6.1.2 of Part A of Annex I;

(b)for the average emissions of the new light commercial vehicles fleet, an EU fleet- wide target equal to a 31 % reduction of the target in 2021 determined in accordance with point 6.1.2 of Part B of Annex I.

6. From 1 January 2025, a zero- and low-emission vehicles' benchmark equal to a 15 % share of the respective fleets of new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles shall apply in accordance with points 6.3 of Parts A and B of Annex I, respectively.

7. From 1 January 2030, the following zero- and low-emission vehicles' benchmarks shall apply in accordance with points 6.3 of Parts A and B of Annex I, respectively:

(a)a benchmark equal to a 35 % share of the fleet of new passenger cars; and

(b)a benchmark equal to a 30 % share of the fleet of new light commercial vehicles.

Article 2 - Scope

1. This Regulation shall apply to the following motor vehicles:

(a)category M1 as defined in Annex II to Directive 2007/46/EC (‘passenger cars’)which are registered in the Union for the first time and which have not previously been registered outside the Union (‘new passenger cars’);

(b)category N1 as defined in Annex II to Directive 2007/46/EC with a reference mass not exceeding 2 610 kg, and vehicles of category N1 to which type-approval is extended in accordance with Article 2(2) of Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 (‘light commercial vehicles’), which are registered in the Union for the first time and which have not previously been registered outside the Union (‘new light commercial vehicles’). In the case of zero-emission vehicles of category N with a reference mass exceeding 2 610 kg or 2 840 kg, as the case may be, they shall, from 1 January 2025, for the purposes of this Regulation and without prejudice to Directive 2007/46/EC and Regulation (EC) No 715/2007, be counted as light commercial vehicles falling within the scope of this Regulation if the excess reference mass is due only to the mass of the energy storage system.

2. A previous registration outside the Union made less than three months before registration in the Union shall not be taken into account.

3. This Regulation shall not apply to special purpose vehicles as defined in point 5 of Part A of Annex II to Directive 2007/46/EC.

4. Article 4, points (b) and (c) of Article 7(4), Article 8 and points (a) and (c) of Article 9(1) shall not apply to a manufacturer which, together with all of its connected undertakings, is responsible for fewer than 1 000 new passenger cars or for fewer than 1 000 new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union in the previous calendar year, unless that manufacturer applies for and is granted a derogation in accordance with Article 10.

Article 3 - Definitions

1. For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:

(a)‘average specific emissions of CO2’ means, in relation to a manufacturer, the average of the specific emissions of CO2 of all new passenger cars or of all new light commercial vehicles of which it is the manufacturer;

(b)‘certificate of conformity’ means the certificate of conformity referred to in Article 18 of Directive 2007/46/EC;

(c)‘completed vehicle’ means a light commercial vehicle where type-approval is granted following completion of a process of multi-stage type-approval in accordance with Directive 2007/46/EC;

(d)‘complete vehicle’ means any light commercial vehicle which does not need to be completed in order to meet the relevant technical requirements of Directive 2007/46/EC;

(e)‘base vehicle’ means any light commercial vehicle which is used at the initial stage of a multi-stage type-approval process;

(f)‘manufacturer’ means the person or body responsible to the approval authority for all aspects of the EC type-approval procedure in accordance with Directive 2007/46/EC and for ensuring conformity of production;

(g)‘mass in running order’ or ‘M’ means the mass of the passenger car or light commercial vehicle with bodywork in running order as stated in the certificate of conformity and defined in point 2.6 of Annex I to Directive 2007/46/EC;

(h)‘specific emissions of CO2’ means the CO2 emissions of a passenger car or a light commercial vehicle measured in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and its implementing Regulations and specified as the CO2 mass emissions (combined) in the certificate of conformity of the vehicle. For passenger cars or light commercial vehicles which are not type-approved in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 715/2007, ‘specific emissions of CO2’ means the CO2 emissions measured pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007, notably in accordance with the same measurement procedure as specified in Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 until 31 December 2020, and from 1 January 2021 in Regulation (EU) 2017/1151, or in accordance with procedures adopted by the Commission to establish the CO2 emissions for such vehicles;

(i)‘footprint’ means the average track width multiplied by the wheelbase as stated in the certificate of conformity and defined in points 2.1 and 2.3 of Annex I to Directive 2007/46/EC;

(j)‘specific emissions target’ means, in relation to a manufacturer, the annual target determined in accordance with Annex I or, if the manufacturer is granted a derogation in accordance with Article 10, the specific emissions target determined according to that derogation;

(k)‘EU fleet-wide target’ means the average CO2 emissions of all new passenger cars or all new light commercial vehicles to be achieved in a given period;

(l)‘test mass’ or ‘TM’ means the test mass of a passenger car or light commercial vehicle as stated in the certificate of conformity and as defined in point 3.2.25 of Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151;

(m)‘zero- and low-emission vehicle’ means a passenger car or a light commercial vehicle with tailpipe emissions from zero up to 50 g CO2/km, as determined in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1151;

(n)‘payload’ means the difference between the technically permissible maximum laden mass pursuant to Annex II to Directive 2007/46/EC and the mass of the vehicle.

2. For the purposes of this Regulation, ‘a group of connected manufacturers’ means a manufacturer and its connected undertakings. In relation to a manufacturer, ‘connected undertakings’ means:

(a)undertakings in which the manufacturer has, directly or indirectly:

(i)the power to exercise more than half the voting rights; or

(ii)the power to appoint more than half the members of the supervisory board, board of management or bodies legally representing the undertaking; or

(iii)the right to manage the undertaking's affairs;

(b)undertakings which directly or indirectly have, over the manufacturer, the rights or powers referred to in point (a);

(c)undertakings in which an undertaking referred to in point (b) has, directly or indirectly, the rights or powers referred to in point (a);

(d)undertakings in which the manufacturer together with one or more of the undertakings referred to in point (a), (b) or (c), or in which two or more of the latter undertakings, jointly have the rights or powers referred to in point (a);

(e)undertakings in which the rights or the powers referred to in point (a) are jointly held by the manufacturer or one or more of its connected undertakings referred to in points (a) to (d) and one or more third parties.

Article 4 - Specific emissions targets

1. The manufacturer shall ensure that its average specific emissions of CO2 do not exceed the following specific emissions targets:

(a)for the calendar year 2020, the specific emissions target determined in accordance with points 1 and 2 of Part A of Annex I in the case of passenger cars, or points 1 and 2 of Part B of Annex I in the case of light commercial vehicles, or where a manufacturer is granted a derogation under Article 10, in accordance with that derogation;

(b)for each calendar year from 2021 until 2024, the specific emissions targets determined in accordance with points 3 and 4 of Part A or B of Annex I, as appropriate, or, where a manufacturer is granted a derogation under Article 10, in accordance with that derogation and point 5 of Part A or B of Annex I;

(c)for each calendar year, starting from 2025, the specific emissions targets determined in accordance with point 6.3 of Part A or B of Annex I, or, where a manufacturer is granted a derogation under Article 10, in accordance with that derogation.

2. In the case of light commercial vehicles, where the specific emissions of CO2 of the completed vehicle are not available, the manufacturer of the base vehicle shall use the specific emissions of CO2 of the base vehicle for determining its average specific emissions of CO2.

3. For the purposes of determining each manufacturer's average specific emissions of CO2, the following percentages of each manufacturer's new passenger cars registered in the relevant year shall be taken into account:

—95 % in 2020,

—100 % from 2021 onwards.

Article 5 - Super-credits

In calculating the average specific emissions of CO2, each new passenger car with specific emissions of CO2 of less than 50 g CO2/km shall be counted as:

—2 passenger cars in 2020,

—1,67 passenger cars in 2021,

—1,33 passenger cars in 2022,

—1 passenger car from 2023,

for the year in which it is registered in the period from 2020 to 2022, subject to a cap of 7,5 g CO2/km over that period for each manufacturer, as calculated in accordance with Article 5 of Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/1153.

Article 6 - Pooling

1. Manufacturers, other than manufacturers which have been granted a derogation under Article 10, may form a pool for the purposes of meeting their obligations under Article 4.

2. An agreement to form a pool may relate to one or more calendar years, provided that the overall duration of each agreement does not exceed five calendar years, and must be entered into on or before 31 December in the first calendar year for which emissions are to be pooled. Manufacturers which form a pool shall file the following information with the Commission:

(a)the manufacturers who will be included in the pool;

(b)the manufacturer nominated as the pool manager who will be the contact point for the pool and will be responsible for paying any excess emissions premium imposed on the pool in accordance with Article 8;

(c)evidence that the pool manager will be able to fulfil the obligations under point (b);

(d)the category of vehicles registered as M1 or N1, for which the pool shall apply.

3. Where the proposed pool manager fails to meet the requirement to pay any excess emissions premium imposed on the pool in accordance with Article 8, the Commission shall notify the manufacturers.

4. Manufacturers included in a pool shall jointly inform the Commission of any change of pool manager or of its financial status, in so far as this may affect its ability to meet the requirement to pay any excess emissions premium imposed on the pool in accordance with Article 8, and of any changes to the membership of the pool or the dissolution of the pool.

5. Manufacturers may enter into pooling arrangements provided that their agreements comply with Articles 101 and 102 TFEU and that they allow open, transparent and non-discriminatory participation on commercially reasonable terms by any manufacturer requesting membership of the pool. Without prejudice to the general applicability of Union competition rules to such pools, all members of a pool shall in particular ensure that neither data sharing nor information exchange may occur in the context of their pooling arrangement, except in respect of the following information:

(a)the average specific emissions of CO2;

(b)the specific emissions target;

(c)the total number of vehicles registered.

6. Paragraph 5 shall not apply where all the manufacturers included in the pool are part of the same group of connected manufacturers.

7. Except where notification is given under paragraph 3 of this Article, the manufacturers in a pool in respect of which information is filed with the Commission shall be considered as one manufacturer for the purposes of meeting their obligations under Article 4. Monitoring and reporting information in respect of individual manufacturers as well as any pools will be recorded, reported and made available in the central register referred to in Article 7(4).

8. The Commission may specify, by means of implementing acts, the detailed conditions that shall apply for a pooling arrangement set up pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2).

Article 7 - Monitoring and reporting of average emissions

1. For each calendar year, each Member State shall record information for each new passenger car and each new light commercial vehicle registered in its territory in accordance with Parts A of Annexes II and III to this Regulation. That information shall be made available to the manufacturers and their designated importers or representatives in each Member State. Member States shall make every effort to ensure that reporting bodies operate in a transparent manner. Each Member State shall ensure that the specific emissions of CO2 of passenger cars which are not type-approved in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 are measured and recorded in the certificate of conformity.

2. By 28 February of each year, each Member State shall determine and transmit to the Commission the information listed in Parts A of Annexes II and III in respect of the preceding calendar year. The data shall be transmitted in accordance with the format specified in Part B of Annex II and Part C of Annex III.

3. On request from the Commission, a Member State shall also transmit the full set of data collected pursuant to paragraph 1.

4. The Commission shall keep a central register of the data reported by Member States under this Article, and by 30 June of each year, shall provisionally calculate the following for each manufacturer:

(a)the average specific emissions of CO2 in the preceding calendar year;

(b)the specific emissions target in the preceding calendar year;

(c)the difference between its average specific emissions of CO2 in the preceding calendar year and its specific emissions target for that year.

The Commission shall notify each manufacturer of its provisional calculation for that manufacturer. The notification shall include data for each Member State on the number of new passenger cars and of new light commercial vehicles registered and their specific emissions of CO2.

The register shall be publicly available.

5. Manufacturers may, within three months of being notified of the provisional calculation under paragraph 4, notify the Commission of any errors in the data, specifying the Member State in which they consider that the error occurred.

The Commission shall consider any notifications from manufacturers and shall, by 31 October, either confirm or amend the provisional calculations under paragraph 4.

6. Member States shall designate a competent authority for the collection and communication of the monitoring data in accordance with this Regulation and shall inform the Commission of the competent authority designated.

The designated competent authorities shall ensure the correctness and completeness of the data transmitted to the Commission, and shall provide a contact point that is to be available to respond quickly to requests from the Commission to address errors and omissions in the transmitted datasets.

7. The Commission shall adopt, by means of implementing acts, detailed rules on the procedures for monitoring and reporting of data under paragraphs 1 to 6 of this Article, and on the application of Annexes II and III. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2).

8. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 in order to amend the data requirements and data parameters set out in Annexes II and III.

9. Type-approval authorities shall without delay report to the Commission deviations found in the CO2 emissions of vehicles in-service as compared to the specific emissions of CO2 indicated in the certificates of conformity as a result of verifications performed in accordance with Article 13.

The Commission shall take those deviations into account for the purpose of calculating the average specific emissions of CO2 of a manufacturer.

The Commission shall adopt, by means of implementing acts, detailed rules on the procedures for reporting such deviations and for taking them into account in the calculation of the average specific emissions of CO2. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2).

10. The Commission shall no later than 2023 evaluate the possibility of developing a common Union methodology for the assessment and the consistent data reporting of the full life-cycle CO2 emissions of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles that are placed on the Union market. The Commission shall transmit to the European Parliament and to the Council that evaluation, including, where appropriate, proposals for follow-up measures, such as legislative proposals.

11. Member States shall also collect and report data, in accordance with this Article, on registrations of vehicles in categories M2 and N2, as defined in Annex II to Directive 2007/46/EC, with a reference mass not exceeding 2 610 kg, and vehicles to which type-approval is extended in accordance with Article 2(2) of Regulation (EC) No 715/2007.

Article 8 - Excess emissions premium

1. In respect of each calendar year, the Commission shall impose an excess emissions premium on a manufacturer or pool manager, as appropriate, where a manufacturer's average specific emissions of CO2 exceed its specific emissions target.

2. The excess emissions premium under paragraph 1 shall be calculated using the following formula:

(Excess emissions × EUR 95) × number of newly registered vehicles.

For the purposes of this Article, the following definitions shall apply:

—‘excess emissions’ means the positive number of grams per kilometre by which a manufacturer's average specific emissions of CO2, taking into account CO2 emissions reductions due to innovative technologies approved in accordance with Article 11, exceeded its specific emissions target in the calendar year or part thereof to which the obligation under Article 4 applies, rounded to the nearest three decimal places, and

—‘number of newly registered vehicles’ means the number of new passenger cars or new light commercial vehicles counted separately of which it is the manufacturer and which were registered in that period according to the phase-in criteria as set out in Article 4(3).

3. The Commission shall determine, by means of implementing acts, the means for collecting excess emissions premiums imposed under paragraph 1 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2).

4. The amounts of the excess emissions premium shall be considered as revenue for the general budget of the Union.

Article 9 - Publication of performance of manufacturers

1. By 31 October of each year, the Commission shall publish, by means of implementing acts, a list indicating:

(a)for each manufacturer, its specific emissions target for the preceding calendar year;

(b)for each manufacturer, its average specific emissions of CO2 in the preceding calendar year;

(c)the difference between the manufacturer's average specific emissions of CO2 in the preceding calendar year and its specific emissions target in that year;

(d)the average specific emissions of CO2 for all new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union in the previous calendar year;

(e)the average mass in running order for all new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union in the preceding calendar year until 31 December 2020;

(f)the average test mass of all new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union in the preceding calendar year.

2. The list published under paragraph 1 of this Article shall also indicate whether the manufacturer has complied with the requirements of Article 4 with respect to the preceding calendar year.

3. The list referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article shall, for the publication by 31 October 2022, also indicate the following:

(a)the 2025 and 2030 EU fleet-wide targets referred to in Article 1(4) and (5), respectively, calculated by the Commission in accordance with points 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 of Parts A and B of Annex I;

(b)the values for a2021, a2025 and a2030 calculated by the Commission in accordance with points 6.2 of Parts A and B of Annex I.

Article 10 - Derogations for certain manufacturers

1. An application for a derogation from the specific emissions target calculated in accordance with Annex I may be made by a manufacturer of fewer than 10 000 new passenger cars or 22 000 new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union per calendar year, and which:

(a)is not part of a group of connected manufacturers; or

(b)is part of a group of connected manufacturers that is responsible in total for fewer than 10 000 new passenger cars or 22 000 new light commercial vehicles registered in the Union per calendar year; or

(c)is part of a group of connected manufacturers but operates its own production facilities and design centre.

2. A derogation applied for under paragraph 1 may be granted for a maximum period of five calendar years, which is renewable. An application shall be made to the Commission and shall include:

(a)the name of, and contact person for, the manufacturer;

(b)evidence that the manufacturer is eligible for a derogation under paragraph 1;

(c)details of the passenger cars or light commercial vehicles which it manufactures including the test mass and specific emissions of CO2 of those passenger cars or light commercial vehicles; and

(d)a specific emissions target consistent with its reduction potential, including the economic and technological potential to reduce its specific emissions of CO2 and taking into account the characteristics of the market for the type of passenger car or light commercial vehicle manufactured.

3. Where the Commission considers that the manufacturer is eligible for a derogation applied for under paragraph 1 and is satisfied that the specific emissions target proposed by the manufacturer is consistent with its reduction potential, including the economic and technological potential to reduce its specific emissions of CO2, and taking into account the characteristics of the market for the type of passenger car or light commercial vehicle manufactured, the Commission shall grant a derogation to the manufacturer.

The application shall be submitted at the latest by 31 October of the first year in which the derogation shall apply.

4. An application for a derogation from the specific emissions target calculated in accordance with points 1 to 4 and 6.3 of Part A of Annex I may be made by a manufacturer which is responsible, together with all of its connected undertakings, for between 10 000 and 300 000 new passenger cars registered in the Union per calendar year.

Such application may be made by a manufacturer in respect of itself or in respect of itself together with any of its connected undertakings. An application shall be made to the Commission and shall include:

(a)all of the information referred to in points (a) and (c) of paragraph 2, including, where relevant, information about any connected undertakings;

(b)in relation to applications referring to points 1 to 4 of Part A of Annex I, a target which is a 45 % reduction on the average specific emissions of CO2 in 2007 or, where a single application is made in respect of a number of connected undertakings, a 45 % reduction on the average of those undertakings' average specific emissions of CO2 in 2007;

(c)in relation to applications referring to point 6.3 of Part A of Annex I to this Regulation, a target applicable in the calendar years 2025 to 2028 which is the reduction specified in point (a) of Article 1(4) of this Regulation on the target calculated in accordance with point (b) of this paragraph taking into account the CO2 emissions measured pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.

Where information on a manufacturer's average specific emissions of CO2 does not exist for the year 2007, the Commission shall determine an equivalent reduction target based upon the best available CO2 emissions reduction technologies deployed in passenger cars of comparable mass and taking into account the characteristics of the market for the type of car manufactured. That target shall be used by the applicant for the purposes of point (b) of the second subparagraph.

The Commission shall grant a derogation to the manufacturer where it is demonstrated that the criteria for the derogation referred to in this paragraph have been met.

5. A manufacturer which is subject to a derogation in accordance with this Article shall notify the Commission immediately of any change which affects or may affect its eligibility for a derogation.

6. Where the Commission considers, whether on the basis of a notification under paragraph 5 or otherwise, that a manufacturer is no longer eligible for the derogation, it shall revoke the derogation with effect from 1 January of the next calendar year and shall notify the manufacturer thereof.

7. Where the manufacturer does not attain its specific emissions target, the Commission shall impose the excess emissions premium on the manufacturer, as set out in Article 8.

8. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 laying down rules to supplement paragraphs 1 to 7 of this Article, as regards the interpretation of the eligibility criteria for derogations, the content of the applications, and the content and assessment of programmes for the reduction of specific emissions of CO2.

The Commission is also empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 to amend Part A of Annex I for the purpose of setting out the calculation formulae of the derogation targets referred to in point (c) of the second subparagraph of paragraph 4 of this Article.

9. Applications for a derogation, including the information supporting it, notifications under paragraph 5, revocations under paragraph 6, any imposition of an excess emissions premium under paragraph 7 and measures adopted pursuant to paragraph 8, shall be made publicly available, subject to Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council (19).

Article 11 - Eco-innovation

1. Upon application by a supplier or a manufacturer, CO2 savings achieved through the use of innovative technologies or a combination of innovative technologies (‘innovative technology packages’) shall be considered.

Such technologies shall be taken into consideration only if the methodology used to assess them is capable of producing verifiable, repeatable and comparable results.

The total contribution of those technologies to reducing the average specific emissions of CO2 of a manufacturer may be up to 7 g CO2/km.

The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 in order to amend this Regulation by adjusting the cap referred to in the third subparagraph of this paragraph with effect from 2025 onwards to take into account technological developments while ensuring a balanced proportion of the level of that cap in relation to the average specific emissions of CO2 of manufacturers.

2. The Commission shall adopt, by means of implementing acts, detailed provisions for a procedure to approve the innovative technologies or innovative technology packages referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2). Those detailed provisions shall be based on the following criteria for innovative technologies:

(a)the supplier or manufacturer must be accountable for the CO2 savings achieved through the use of the innovative technologies;

(b)the innovative technologies must make a verified contribution to CO2 reduction;

(c)the innovative technologies must not be covered by the standard test cycle CO2 measurement;

(d)the innovative technologies must not:

(i)be covered by mandatory provisions due to complementary additional measures complying with the 10 g CO2/km reduction referred to in Article 1(3); or

(ii)be mandatory under other provisions of Union law.

With effect from 1 January 2025, the criterion referred to in point (d)(i) of the first subparagraph shall not apply with regard to efficiency improvements for air conditioning systems.

3. A supplier or a manufacturer that applies for a measure to be approved as an innovative technology or innovative technology package shall submit a report, including a verification report undertaken by an independent and certified body, to the Commission. In the event of a possible interaction of the measure with another innovative technology or innovative technology package already approved, that report shall mention that interaction and the verification report shall evaluate to what extent that interaction modifies the reduction achieved by each measure.

4. The Commission shall attest the reduction achieved on the basis of the criteria set out in paragraph 2.

Article 12 - Real-world CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption

1. The Commission shall monitor and assess the real-world representativeness of the CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption values determined pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007.

Furthermore, the Commission shall regularly collect data on the real-world CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles using on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring devices, starting with new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles registered in 2021.

The Commission shall ensure that the public is informed of how that real-world representativeness evolves over time.

2. For the purpose referred to in paragraph 1, starting from 1 January 2021, the Commission shall ensure that the following parameters relating to real-world CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles are made available at regular intervals to it, from manufacturers, national authorities or through direct data transfer from vehicles, as the case may be:

(a)vehicle identification number;

(b)fuel and/or electric energy consumed;

(c)total distance travelled;

(d)for externally chargeable hybrid electric vehicles, the fuel and electric energy consumed and the distance travelled distributed over the different driving modes;

(e)other parameters necessary to ensure that the obligations set out in paragraph 1 can be met.

The Commission shall process the data received under the first subparagraph to create anonymised and aggregated datasets, including per manufacturer, for the purposes of paragraph 1. The vehicle identification numbers shall be used only for the purpose of that data processing and shall not be retained longer than needed for that purpose.

3. In order to prevent the real-world emissions gap from growing, the Commission shall, no later than 1 June 2023, assess how fuel and energy consumption data may be used to ensure that the vehicle CO2 emissions and fuel or energy consumption values determined pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 remain representative of real-world emissions over time for each manufacturer.

The Commission shall monitor and report annually on how the gap referred to in the first subparagraph evolves over the period 2021 to 2026 and shall, with the view to preventing an increase in that gap, assess, in 2027, the feasibility of a mechanism to adjust the manufacturer's average specific emissions of CO2 as of 2030, and, if appropriate, submit a legislative proposal to put such a mechanism in place.

4. The Commission shall adopt, by means of implementing acts, the detailed procedure for collecting and processing the data referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2).

Article 13 - Verification of the CO2 emissions of vehicles in-service

1. Manufacturers shall ensure that the CO2 emission and fuel consumption values recorded in the certificates of conformity correspond to the CO2 emissions from, and fuel consumption of, vehicles in-service as determined in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.

2. Following the entry into force of the procedures referred to in the first subparagraph of paragraph 4, type-approval authorities shall verify for those vehicle families for which they are responsible for the type-approval, on the basis of appropriate and representative vehicle samples, that the CO2 emission and fuel consumption values recorded in the certificates of conformity correspond to the CO2 emissions from, and fuel consumption of, vehicles in-service as determined in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 while considering, inter alia, available data from on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring devices.

Type-approval authorities shall also verify the presence of any strategies on board or relating to the sampled vehicles that artificially improve the vehicle's performance in the tests performed for the purpose of type-approval by, inter alia, using data from on-board fuel and/or energy consumption monitoring devices.

3. Where a lack of correspondence of CO2 emission and fuel consumption values or the presence of any strategies artificially improving a vehicle's performance is found as a result of the verifications performed pursuant to paragraph 2, the responsible type-approval authority shall, in addition to taking the necessary measures set out in Chapter XI of Regulation (EU) 2018/858, ensure the correction of the certificates of conformity.

4. The Commission shall determine, by means of implementing acts, the procedures for performing the verifications referred to in paragraph 2 of this Article. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2).

The Commission is empowered, prior to adopting the implementing acts referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph, to adopt a delegated act in accordance with Article 17 in order to supplement this Regulation by setting out the guiding principles and criteria for defining the procedures referred to in the first subparagraph of this paragraph.

Article 14 - Adjustment of M0 and TM0 values

1. The M0 and TM0 values referred to in Parts A and B of Annex I shall be adjusted as follows:

(a)by 31 October 2020, the M0 value in point 4 of Part A of Annex I shall be adjusted to the average mass in running order of all new passenger cars registered in 2017, 2018, and 2019. That new M0 value shall apply from 1 January 2022 until 31 December 2024;

(b)by 31 October 2022, the M0 value in point 4 of Part B of Annex I shall be adjusted to the average mass in running order of all new light commercial vehicles registered in 2019, 2020 and 2021. That new M0 value shall apply in 2024;

(c)by 31 October 2022, the indicative TM0 value for 2025 shall be determined as the respective average test mass of all new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles registered in 2021;

(d)by 31 October 2024, and every second year thereafter, the TM0 value in point 6.2 of Parts A and B of Annex I shall be adjusted to the respective average test mass of all new passenger cars and new light commercial vehicles registered in the preceding two calendar years, starting with 2022 and 2023. The new TM0 values shall apply from 1 January of the calendar year following the date of the adjustment.

2. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 in order to supplement this Regulation by establishing the measures referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article.

Article 15 - Review and report

1. The Commission shall, in 2023, thoroughly review the effectiveness of this Regulation and submit a report to the European Parliament and to the Council with the result of the review.

2. In the report referred to in paragraph 1, the Commission shall consider, inter alia, the real-world representativeness of the CO2 emission and fuel or energy consumption values determined pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 715/2007; the deployment on the Union market of zero- and low-emission vehicles, in particular with respect to light commercial vehicles; the roll-out of recharging and refuelling infrastructure reported under Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (20), including their financing; the potential contribution of the use of synthetic and advanced alternative fuels produced with renewable energy to emissions reductions; the CO2 emissions reduction actually observed at the existing fleet level; the functioning of the incentive mechanism for zero- and low-emission vehicles; the potential effects of the transitional measure set out in point 6.3 of Part A of Annex I; the impact of this Regulation on consumers, particularly on those on low and medium incomes; as well as aspects to further facilitate an economically viable and socially fair transition towards clean, competitive and affordable mobility in the Union.

The Commission shall, in that report, also identify a clear pathway for further CO2 emissions reductions for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles beyond 2030 in order to significantly contribute to achieving the long-term goal of the Paris Agreement.

3. The report referred to in paragraph 2 shall, where appropriate, be accompanied by a proposal for amending this Regulation, in particular, the possible revision of the EU fleet-wide targets for 2030 in light of the elements listed in paragraph 2, and the introduction of binding emissions reduction targets for 2035 and 2040 onwards for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles to ensure the timely transformation of the transport sector towards achieving net-zero emissions in line with the objectives of the Paris Agreement.

4. As part of the review referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, the Commission shall assess the feasibility of developing real-world emission test procedures using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The Commission shall take into account that assessment as well as those made pursuant to Article 12 of this Regulation and may, where appropriate, review the procedures for measuring CO2 emissions as set out under Regulation (EC) No 715/2007. The Commission shall, in particular, make appropriate proposals to adapt those procedures to reflect adequately the real-world CO2 emissions of passenger cars and light commercial vehicles.

5. As part of the review referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, the Commission shall evaluate the possibility to assign the revenue from the excess emissions premiums to a specific fund or a relevant programme, with the objective to ensure a just transition towards a climate-neutral economy as referred to in Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement, in particular to support re-skilling, up-skilling and other skills training and reallocation of workers in the automotive sector in all affected Member States, in particular in the regions and the communities most affected by the transition. The Commission shall, if appropriate, make a legislative proposal to that effect by 2027 at the latest.

6. By 31 December 2020, the Commission shall review Directive 1999/94/EC considering the need to provide consumers with accurate, robust and comparable information on the fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and air pollutant emissions of new passenger cars placed on the market, as well as evaluate the options for introducing a fuel economy and CO2 emissions label for new light commercial vehicles. The review shall, where appropriate, be accompanied by a legislative proposal.

7. The Commission shall, by means of implementing acts, determine the correlation parameters necessary in order to reflect any change in the regulatory test procedure for the measurement of specific emissions of CO2 referred to in Regulations (EC) No 715/2007 and (EC) No 692/2008 and, where applicable, Regulation (EU) 2017/1151. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 16(2) of this Regulation.

8. The Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 in order to amend this Regulation by adapting the formulae set out in Annex I, using the methodology adopted pursuant to paragraph 7 of this Article, while ensuring that reduction requirements of comparable stringency for manufacturers and vehicles of different utility are required under the old and new test procedures.

Article 16 - Committee procedure

1. The Commission shall be assisted by the Climate Change Committee referred to in point (a) of Article 44(1) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council (21). That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011.

2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.

3. Where the committee delivers no opinion, the Commission shall not adopt the draft implementing act and the third subparagraph of Article 5(4) of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.

Article 17 - Exercise of the delegation

1. The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.

2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 7(8), Article 10(8), the fourth subparagraph of Article 11(1), Article 13(4), Article 14(2) and Article 15(8) shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of six years from 15 May 2019. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the six-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period.

3. The delegation of power referred to in Article 7(8), Article 10(8), the fourth subparagraph of Article 11(1), Article 13(4), Article 14(2) and Article 15(8) may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.

4. Before adopting a delegated act, the Commission shall consult experts designated by each Member State in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making.

5. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council.

6. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 7(8), Article 10(8), the fourth subparagraph of Article 11(1), Article 13(4), Article 14(2) and Article 15(8) shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or by the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and to the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.

Article 18 - Repeal

Regulations (EC) No 443/2009 and (EU) No 510/2011 are repealed with effect from 1 January 2020.

References to the repealed Regulations shall be construed as references to this Regulation and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex V.

Article 19 - Entry into force

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

It shall apply from 1 January 2020.

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.