Legal provisions of COM(2021)559 - Deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure

Please note

This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.

dossier COM(2021)559 - Deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure.
document COM(2021)559 EN
date September 13, 2023

Contents

Article 1 - Subject matter

1. This Regulation sets out mandatory national targets for the deployment of sufficient alternative fuels infrastructure in the Union, for road vehicles, vessels and stationary aircraft. It lays down common technical specifications and requirements on user information, data provision and payment requirements for alternative fuels infrastructure.

2. This Regulation sets out rules for the national policy frameworks to be adopted by the Member States, including the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure in areas where no mandatory Union wide targets are set and the reporting on the deployment of such infrastructure.

3. This Regulation establishes a reporting mechanism to stimulate cooperation and ensures a robust tracking of progress. The mechanism shall comprise a structured, transparent, iterative process between the Commission and Member States for the purpose of the finalisation of the national policy frameworks and their subsequent implementation and corresponding Commission action.

Article 2 - Definitions

For the purposes of this Regulation, the following definitions apply:

(1) ‘accessibility of data’ means a possibility to request and obtain the data at any time in a machine readable format, as defined in Article 2, point (5) of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/962 61 ;

(2) ‘ad hoc price’ means the price charged by an operator of a recharging or refuelling point to an end user for recharging or refuelling on an ad hoc basis;

(3) ‘alternative fuels’ means fuels or power sources which serve, at least partly, as a substitute for fossil oil sources in the energy supply to transport and which have the potential to contribute to its decarbonisation and enhance the environmental performance of the transport sector, including:

(a)‘alternative fuels for zero-emission vehicles’:

–electricity,

–hydrogen,

–ammonia,

(b)‘renewable fuels’:

–biomass fuels and biofuels as defined in Article 2, points (27) and (33) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001,

–synthetic and paraffinic fuels, including ammonia, produced from renewable energy,

(c)‘alternative fossil fuels’ for a transitional phase:

–natural gas, in gaseous form (compressed natural gas (CNG)) and liquefied form (liquefied natural gas (LNG)),

–liquefied petroleum gas (LPG),

–synthetic and paraffinic fuels produced from non-renewable energy;

(4) ‘airport of the TEN-T core and TEN-T comprehensive network’ means an airport as listed and categorised in Annex II to Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013;

(5) ‘airport managing body’ as defined in Article 2, point (2) of Directive 2009/12/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 62 ; 

(6) ‘automatic authentication’ means the authentication of a vehicle at a recharging point through the recharging connector or telematics;

(7) ‘availability of data’ means the existence of data in a digital machine-readable format.

(8) ‘battery electric vehicle’ means an electric vehicle that exclusively runs on the electric motor, with no secondary source of propulsion;

(9) ‘bi-directional recharging’ means a smart recharging operation where the direction of the electricity flow may be reversed, allowing that electricity flows from the battery to the recharging point it is connected to;

(10) ‘connector’ means the physical interface between the recharging point and the electric vehicle through which the electric energy is exchanged;

(11) ‘commercial air transport’ means air transport as defined in Article 3, point (24) of Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council 63 ;

(12) ‘container ship’ means a ship designed exclusively for the carriage of containers in holds and on deck;

(13) ‘contract-based payment’ means a payment for a recharging or refuelling service from the end user to a mobility service provider on the basis of a contract between the end user and the mobility service provider;

(14) ‘digitally-connected recharging point’ means a recharging point that can send and receive information in real time, communicate bi-directionally with the electricity grid and the electric vehicle, and that can be remotely monitored and controlled, including to start and stop the recharging session and to measure electricity flows;

(15) ‘distribution system operator’ means an operator as defined in Article 2, point (29) of Directive (EU) 2019/944;

(16) ‘dynamic data’ means data that do change often or on a regular basis;

(17) ‘electric road system’ means a physical installation along a road that allows for the transfer of electricity to an electric vehicle while the vehicle is in motion;

(18) ‘electric vehicle’ means a motor vehicle equipped with a powertrain containing at least one non-peripheral electric machine as energy converter with an electric rechargeable energy storage system, which can be recharged externally;

(19) ‘electricity supply to stationary aircraft’ means the supply of electricity through a standardised fixed or mobile interface to aircraft when stationed at the gate or at an airport outfield position;

(20) ‘end user’ means a physical or legal person purchasing an alternative fuel for direct use in a vehicle;

(21) ‘e-roaming’ means the exchange of data and payments between the operator of a recharging or refuelling point and a mobility service provider from which an end user purchases a recharging service;

(22) ‘e-roaming platform’ means a platform connecting market actors, notably mobility service providers and operators of recharging or refuelling points, to enable services between them, including e-roaming;

(23) ‘European standard’ means a standard as defined in Article 2, point (1)(b) of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012.

(24) ‘freight terminal’ means a freight terminal as defined in in Article 3 point (s) of Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013;

(25) ‘gross tonnage’ (GT) means gross tonnage as defined in Article 3, point (e) of Regulation (EU) 2015/757 of the European Parliament and the Council 64 ;

(26) ‘heavy-duty vehicle’ means a motor vehicle of categories M2, M3, N2 or N3 as defined in Annex II to Directive 2007/46/EC 65 ;

(27) ‘high power recharging point’ means a recharging point that allows for a transfer of electricity to an electric vehicle with a power output of more than 22 kW;

(28) ‘high-speed passenger craft’ means a craft as defined in Regulation 1 of Chapter X of SOLAS 74, and carrying more than 12 passengers;

(29) ‘light-duty vehicle’ means a motor vehicle of categories M1 or N1 as defined in Annex II to Directive 2007/46/EC;

(30) ‘mobility service provider’ means a legal person who provides services in return for remuneration to an end user, including the sale of a recharging service;

(31) ‘normal power recharging point’ means a recharging point that allows for a transfer of electricity to an electric vehicle with a power output less than or equal to 22 kW;

(32) ‘national access point’ means a digital interface where certain static and dynamic data are made accessible for re-use to data users, as implemented by Member States in compliance with Article 3 of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2015/962;

(33) ‘operator of a recharging point’ means the entity responsible for the management and operation of a recharging point, which provides a recharging service to end users, including in the name and on behalf of a mobility service provider;

(34) ‘operator of a refuelling point’ means the entity responsible for the management and operation of a refuelling point, which provides a refuelling service to end users, including in the name and on behalf of a mobility service provider;

(35) ‘passenger ship’ means a ship that carries more than 12 passengers, including cruise ships, high-speed passenger crafts and ships with facilities to enable road or rail vehicles to roll on and roll off the vessel (‘ro-ro passenger ships’);

(36) ‘plug-in hybrid vehicle’ means an electric vehicle constituted by a conventional combustion engine combined with an electric propulsion system, which can be recharged from an external electric power source;

(37) ‘power output’ means the theoretical maximum power, expressed in kW, that can be provided by a recharging point, station, or pool or a shore-side electricity supply installation to a vehicle or vessel connected to that recharging point, station, pool or installation;

(38) ‘publicly accessible’ alternative fuels infrastructure, means an alternative fuels infrastructure which is located at a site or premise that is open to the general public, irrespective of whether the alternative fuels infrastructure is located on public or on private property, whether limitations or conditions apply in terms of access to the site or premise and irrespective of the applicable use conditions of the alternative fuels infrastructure;

(39) ‘Quick Response code’ (QR code) means an ISO 18004-compliant encoding and visualization of data;

(40) ‘recharge on an ad hoc basis’ means a recharging service purchased by an end user without the need for that end user to register, conclude a written agreement, or enter into a longer-lasting commercial relationship with the operator of that recharging point beyond the mere purchase of the service;

(41) ‘recharging point’ means a fixed or mobile interface that allows for the transfer of electricity to an electric vehicle, which, whilst it may have one or several connectors to accommodate different connector types, is capable of recharging only one electric vehicle at a time, and excludes devices with a power output less than or equal to 3,7 kW the primary purpose of which is not recharging electric vehicles.

(42) ‘recharging point, station or pool dedicated to light-duty vehicles’ means a recharging point, station or pool intended for recharging light-duty vehicles, either due to the specific design of the connectors/plugs or the design of the parking space adjacent to the recharging point, station or pool, or both;

(43) ‘recharging point, station or pool dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles’ means a recharging point, station or pool intended for recharging heavy-duty vehicles, either due to the specific design of the connectors/plugs or to the design of the parking space adjacent to the recharging point, station or pool, or both;

(44) ‘recharging pool’ means one or more recharging stations at a specific location;

(45) ‘recharging station’ means a single physical installation at a specific location, consisting of one or more recharging points;

(46) ‘recharging service’ means the sale or provision of electricity, including related services, through a publicly accessible recharging point;

(47) ‘recharging session’ means the full process of recharging a vehicle at a publicly accessible recharging point from the moment the vehicle is connected to the moment the vehicle is disconnected;

(48) ‘refuel on an ad hoc basis’ means a refuelling service purchased by an end user without the need for that end user to register, conclude a written agreement, or enter into a longer-lasting commercial relationship with the operator of that refuelling point beyond the mere purchase of the service;

(49) ‘refuelling point’ means a refuelling facility for the provision of any liquid or gaseous alternative fuel, through a fixed or a mobile installation, which is capable of refuelling only one vehicle at a time;

(50) ‘refuelling service’ means the sale or provision of any liquid or gaseous alternative fuel through a publicly accessible refuelling point;

(51) ‘refuelling session’ means the full process of refuelling a vehicle at a publicly accessible refuelling point from the moment the vehicle is connected to the moment the vehicle is disconnected;

(52) ‘refuelling station’ means a single physical installation at a specific location, consisting of one or more refuelling points;

(53) ‘regulatory authority’ means a regulatory authority designated by each Member State pursuant to Article 57(1) of Directive (EU) 2019/944;

(54) ‘renewable energy’ means energy from renewable non-fossil sources as defined in Article 2, point (1) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001;

(55) ‘ro-ro passenger ship’ means a ship with facilities to enable road or rail vehicles to roll on and roll off the vessel, and carrying more than 12 passengers;

(56) ‘safe and secure parking’ means a parking and rest area as referenced in Article 17, point(1)(b) that is dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles overnight parking;

(57) ‘ship at berth’ means ship at berth as defined in Article 3, point (n) of Regulation (EU) 2015/757;

(58) ‘shore-side electricity supply’ means the provision of shore-side electrical power through a standardised interface to seagoing ships or inland waterway vessels at berth;

(59) ‘smart recharging’ means a recharging operation in which the intensity of electricity delivered to the battery is adjusted in real-time, based on information received through electronic communication;

(60) ‘static data’ means data that do not change often or on a regular basis;

(61) ‘TEN-T comprehensive network’ means a network as defined in Article 9 of Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013;

(62) ‘TEN-T core network’ means a network as defined in Article 38 of Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013;

(63) ‘TEN-T core inland waterway port and TEN-T comprehensive inland waterway port’ means an inland waterway port of the TENT-T core or comprehensive networks, as listed and categorised in Annex II of Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013;

(64) ‘TEN-T core maritime port and TEN-T comprehensive maritime port’ means a maritime port of the TENT-T core or comprehensive networks, as listed and categorised in Annex II of Regulation (EU) No 1315/2013;

(65) ‘transmission system operator’ means a system operator as defined in Art 2, point (35) of Directive (EU) 2019/944;

(66) ‘urban node’ means an urban node as defined in Article 3, point (p) of Regulation (EU No) 1315/2013.

Article 3 - Targets for electric recharging infrastructure dedicated to light-duty vehicles

1. Member States shall ensure that:

–publicly accessible recharging stations for light-duty vehicles are deployed commensurate to the uptake of light-duty electric vehicles;

–in their territory, publicly accessible recharging stations dedicated to light-duty vehicles are deployed that provide sufficient power output for those vehicles.

To that end Member States shall ensure that, at the end of each year, starting from the year referred to in Article 24, the following power output targets are met cumulatively:

(a)for each battery electric light-duty vehicle registered in their territory, a total power output of at least 1 kW is provided through publicly accessible recharging stations; and

(b)for each plug-in hybrid light-duty vehicle registered in their territory, a total power output of at least 0.66 kW is provided through publicly accessible recharging stations.

2. Member States shall ensure a minimum coverage of publicly accessible recharging points dedicated to light-duty vehicles on the road network in their territory. To that end, Member States shall ensure that:

(a)along the TEN-T core network, publicly accessible recharging pools dedicated to light-duty vehicles and meeting the following requirements are deployed in each direction of travel with a maximum distance of 60 km in-between them:

(i)by 31 December 2025, each recharging pool shall offer a power output of at least 300 kW and include at least one recharging station with an individual power output of at least 150 kW;

(ii)by 31 December 2030, each recharging pool shall offer a power output of at least 600 kW and include at least two recharging stations with an individual power output of at least 150 kW;

(b)along the TEN-T comprehensive network, publicly accessible recharging pools dedicated to light-duty vehicles and meeting the following requirements are deployed in each direction of travel with a maximum distance of 60 km in-between them:

(i)by 31 December 2030, each recharging pool shall offer a power output of at least 300 kW and include at least one recharging station with an individual power output of at least 150 kW;

(ii)by 31 December 2035, each recharging pool shall offer a power output of at least 600 kW and include at least two recharging stations with an individual power output of at least 150 kW.

3. Neighbouring Member States shall ensure that the maximum distances referred to in points (a) and (b) are not exceeded for cross-border sections of the TEN-T core and the TEN-T comprehensive network.

Article 4 - Targets for electric recharging infrastructure dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles

1. Member States shall ensure a minimum coverage of publicly accessible recharging points dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles in their territory. To that end, Member States shall ensure that:

(a)along the TEN-T core network, publicly accessible recharging pools dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles and meeting the following requirements are deployed in each direction of travel with a maximum distance of 60 km in-between them:

(i)by 31 December 2025, each recharging pool shall offer a power output of at least 1400 kW and include at least one recharging station with an individual power output of at least 350 kW;

(ii)by 31 December 2030, each recharging pool shall offer a power output of at least 3500 kW and include at least two recharging stations with an individual power output of at least 350 kW;

(b)along the TEN-T comprehensive network, publicly accessible recharging pools dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles and meeting the following requirements are deployed in each direction of travel with a maximum distance of 100 km in-between them:

(i)by 31 December 2030, each recharging pool shall offer a power output of at least 1400 kW and include at least one recharging station with an individual power output of at least 350 kW;

(ii)by 1 December 2035, each recharging pool shall offer a power output of at least 3500 kW and include at least two recharging stations with an individual power output of at least 350 kW;

(c)by 31 December 2030, in each safe and secure parking area at least one recharging station dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles with a power output of at least 100 kW is installed;

(d)by 31 December 2025, in each urban node publicly accessible recharging points dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles providing an aggregated power output of at least 600 kW are deployed, provided by recharging stations with an individual power output of at least 150 kW;

(e)by 31 December 2030, in each urban node publicly accessible recharging points dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles providing an aggregated power output of at least 1200 kW are deployed, provided by recharging stations with an individual power output of at least 150 kW.

2. Neighbouring Member States shall ensure that the maximum distances referred to in points (a) and (b) are not exceeded for cross-border sections of the TEN-T core and the TEN-T comprehensive network.

Article 5 - Recharging infrastructure

1. Operators of publicly accessible recharging stations shall be free to purchase electricity from any Union electricity supplier, subject to the supplier's agreement.

2. Operators of recharging points shall, at the publicly accessible recharging points operated by them, provide end users with the possibility to recharge their electric vehicle on an ad hoc basis using a payment instrument that is widely used in the Union. To that end: 

(a)operators of recharging points shall, at publicly accessible recharging stations with a power output below 50 kW, deployed from the date referred to in Article 24, accept electronic payments through terminals and devices used for payment services, including at least one of the following:

(i)payment card readers;

(ii)devices with a contactless functionality that is at least able to read payment cards;

(iii)devices using an internet connection with which for instance a Quick Response code can be specifically generated and used for the payment transaction;

(b)operators of recharging points shall, at publicly accessible recharging stations with a power output equal to or more than 50 kW, deployed from the date referred to in Article 24, accept electronic payments through terminals and devices used for payment services, including at least one of the following:

(i)payment card readers;

(ii)devices with a contactless functionality that is at least able to read payment cards.

From 1 January 2027 onwards, operators of recharging points shall ensure that all publicly accessible recharging stations with a power output equal to or more than 50 kW operated by them comply with the requirement in point (b).

The requirements laid down in points (a) and (b) shall not apply to publicly accessible recharging points that do not require payment for the recharging service.  

3. Operators of recharging points shall, when they offer automatic authentication at a publicly accessible recharging point operated by them, ensure that end users always have the right not to make use of the automatic authentication and may either recharge their vehicle on an ad hoc basis, as provided for in paragraph 3, or use another contract-based recharging solution offered at that recharging point. Operators of recharging points shall transparently display that option and offer it in a convenient manner to the end user, at each publicly accessible recharging point that they operate and where they make available automatic authentication.

4. Prices charged by operators of publicly accessible recharging points shall be reasonable, easily and clearly comparable, transparent and non-discriminatory. Operators of publicly accessible recharging points shall not discriminate between the prices charged to end users and prices charged to mobility service providers nor between prices charged to different mobility service providers. Where relevant, the level of prices may only be differentiated in a proportionate manner, according to an objective justification.

5. Operators of recharging points shall clearly display the ad hoc price and all its components at all publicly accessible recharging stations operated by them so that these are known to end users before they initiate a recharging session. At least the following price components, if applicable at the recharging station, shall be clearly displayed:

–price per session,

–price per minute,

–price per kWh.

6. Prices charged by mobility service providers to end users shall be reasonable, transparent and non-discriminatory. Mobility service providers shall make available to end users all applicable price information, prior to the start of the recharging session, and specific to their intended recharging session, through freely available, widely supported electronic means, clearly distinguishing the price components charged by the operator of recharging point, applicable e-roaming costs and other fees or charges applied by the mobility service provider. The fees shall be reasonable, transparent and non-discriminatory. No extra charges for cross-border e-roaming shall be applied.

7. From the date referred to in Article 24, operators of recharging points shall ensure that all publicly accessible recharging points operated by them are digitally-connected recharging points.

8. From the date referred to in Article 24, operators of recharging points shall ensure that all publicly accessible normal power recharging points operated by them are capable of smart recharging.

9. Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that appropriate signposting is deployed within parking and rest areas on the TEN-T road network where alternative fuels infrastructure is installed, to enable easy identification of the exact location of the alternative fuels infrastructure.

10. Operators of publicly accessible recharging points shall ensure that all direct current (DC) publicly accessible recharging points operated by them have a fixed recharging cable installed.

11. Where the operator of a recharging point is not the owner of that point, the owner shall make available to the operator, in accordance with the arrangements between them, a recharging point with the technical characteristics which enable the operator to comply with the obligation set out in paragraphs 1, 3, 7, 8 and 10.

Article 6 - Targets for hydrogen refuelling infrastructure of road vehicles

1. Member States shall ensure that, in their territory, a minimum number of publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling stations are put in place by 31 December 2030.

To that end Member States shall ensure that by 31 December 2030 publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling stations with a minimum capacity of 2 t/day and equipped with at least a 700 bars dispenser are deployed with a maximum distance of 150 km in-between them along the TEN-T core and the TEN-T comprehensive network. Liquid hydrogen shall be made available at publicly accessible refuelling stations with a maximum distance of 450 km in-between them.

They shall ensure that by 31 December 2030, at least one publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling station is deployed in each urban node. An analysis on the best location shall be carried out for such refuelling stations that shall in particular consider the deployment of such stations in multimodal hubs where also other transport modes could be supplied.

2. Neighbouring Member States shall ensure that the maximum distance referred to in paragraph 1, second subparagraph is not exceeded for cross-border sections of the TEN-T core and the TEN-T comprehensive network.

3. The operator of a publicly accessible refuelling station or, where the operator is not the owner, the owner of that station in accordance with the arrangements between them, shall ensure that the station is designed to serve light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. In freight terminals, operators or owners of these publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling stations shall ensure that these stations also serve liquid hydrogen.

Article 7 - Hydrogen refuelling infrastructure

1. From the date referred to in Article 24 all operators of publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling stations operated by them shall provide for the possibility for end users to refuel on an ad hoc basis using a payment instrument that is widely used in the Union. To that end, operators of hydrogen refuelling stations shall ensure that all hydrogen refuelling stations operated by them accept electronic payments through terminals and devices used for payment services, including at least one of the following:

(a)payment card readers;

(b)devices with a contactless functionality that is at least able to read payment cards.

Where the operator of the hydrogen refuelling point is not the owner of that point, the owner shall make available to the operator, in accordance with the arrangements between them, hydrogen refuelling points with the technical characteristics which enable the operator to comply with the obligation set out in this paragraph.

2. Prices charged by the operators of publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling points shall be reasonable, easily and clearly comparable, transparent and non-discriminatory. Operators of publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling points shall not discriminate between the prices charged to end users and those charged to mobility service providers as well as between the prices charged to different mobility service providers. Where relevant, the level of prices may only be differentiated according to an objective justification.

3. Operators of hydrogen refuelling points shall make price information available before the start of a refuelling session at the refuelling stations operated by them.

4. Operators of publicly accessible refuelling stations may provide hydrogen refuelling services to customers on a contractual basis, including in the name and on behalf of other mobility service providers. Mobility service providers shall charge prices to end users that are reasonable, transparent and non-discriminatory. Mobility service providers shall make available to end users all applicable price information, prior to the start of the recharging session, and specific to their intended recharging session, through freely available, widely supported electronic means, clearly distinguishing the price components charged by the operator of the hydrogen refuelling point, applicable e-roaming costs and other fees or charges applied by the mobility service provider.

Article 8 - LNG infrastructure for road transport vehicles

Member States shall ensure until 1 January 2025 that an appropriate number of publicly accessible refuelling points for LNG are put in place, at least along the TEN-T core network, in order to allow LNG heavy-duty motor vehicles to circulate throughout the Union, where there is demand, unless the costs are disproportionate to the benefits, including environmental benefits.

Article 9 - Targets for shore-side electricity supply in maritime ports

1. Member States shall ensure that a minimum shore-side electricity supply for seagoing container and passenger ships is provided in maritime ports. To that end, Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that by 1 January 2030:

(a)TEN-T core and TEN-T comprehensive maritime ports whose average annual number of port calls over the last three years by seagoing container ships above 5000 gross tonnes, in the previous three years, is above 50 have sufficient shore-side power output to meet at least 90% of that demand;

(b)TEN-T core and TEN-T comprehensive maritime ports whose average annual number of port calls over the last three years by seagoing ro-ro passenger ships and high-speed passenger craft above 5000 gross tonnes, in the previous three years, is above 40 have sufficient shore-side power output to satisfy at least 90% of that demand;

(c)TEN-T core and TEN-T comprehensive maritime ports whose average annual number of port calls over the last three years by passenger ships other than ro-ro passenger ships and high-speed passenger craft above 5000 gross tonnes, in the previous three years, is above 25 have sufficient shore-side power output to meet at least 90% of that demand.

2. For the determination of the number of port calls the following port calls shall not be taken into account:

(a)port calls that are at berth for less than two hours, calculated on the basis of hour of departure and arrival monitored in accordance with Article 14 of the proposal for a Regulation COM(2021)562;

(b)port calls by ships that use zero-emission technologies, as specified in Annex III of the proposal for a Regulation COM(2021)562;

(c)unscheduled port calls for reasons of safety or saving life at sea.

3. Where the maritime port of the TEN-T core network and the TEN-T comprehensive network is located on an island which is not connected directly to the electricity grid, paragraph 1 shall not apply, until such a connection has been completed or there is a sufficient locally generated capacity from clean energy sources.

Article 10 - Targets for shore-side electricity supply in inland waterway ports

Member States shall ensure that:

(a)at least one installation providing shore-side electricity supply to inland waterway vessels is deployed at all TEN-T core inland waterway ports by 1 January 2025;

(b)at least one installation providing shore-side electricity supply to inland waterway vessels is deployed at all TEN-T comprehensive inland waterway ports by 1 January 2030.

Article 11 - Targets for supply of LNG in maritime ports

1. Member States shall ensure that an appropriate number of refuelling points for LNG are put in place at TEN-T core maritime ports referred to in paragraph 2, to enable seagoing ships to circulate throughout the TEN-T core network by 1 January 2025. Member States shall cooperate with neighbouring Member States where necessary to ensure adequate coverage of the TEN-T core network.

2. Member States shall designate in their national policy frameworks TEN-T core maritime ports that shall provide access to the refuelling points for LNG referred to in paragraph 1, also taking into consideration actual market needs and developments.

Article 12 - Targets for supply of electricity to stationary aircraft

1. Member States shall ensure that airport managing bodies of all TEN-T core and comprehensive network airports ensure the provision of electricity supply to stationary aircraft by:

(a)1 January 2025, at all gates used for commercial air transport operations;

(b)1 January 2030, at all outfield posts used for commercial air transport operations.

2. As of 1 January 2030 at the latest, Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that the electricity supplied pursuant to paragraph 1 comes from the electricity grid or is generated on site as renewable energy.

Article 13 - National policy frameworks

1. By 1 January 2024, each Member State shall prepare and send to the Commission a draft national policy framework for the development of the market as regards alternative fuels in the transport sector and the deployment of the relevant infrastructure.

That national policy framework shall contain at least the following elements:

(a)an assessment of the current state and future development of the market as regards alternative fuels in the transport sector, and of the development of alternative fuels infrastructure, considering intermodal access of alternative fuels infrastructure and, where relevant, cross-border continuity;

(b)national targets and objectives pursuant to Articles 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 for which mandatory national targets are set out in this Regulation;

(c)national targets and objectives for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure related to points (l), (m), (n), (o) and (p) of this paragraph for which no mandatory targets are set out in this Regulation;

(d)policies and measures necessary to ensure that the mandatory targets and objectives referred to in points (b) and (c) of this paragraph are reached;

(e)measures to promote the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure for captive fleets, in particular for electric recharging and hydrogen refuelling stations for public transport services and electric recharging stations for car sharing;

(f)measures to encourage and facilitate the deployment of recharging stations for light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles at private locations that are not accessible to the public;

(g)measures to promote alternative fuels infrastructure in urban nodes, in particular with respect to publicly accessible recharging points;

(h)measures to promote a sufficient number of publicly accessible high power recharging points;

(i)measures necessary to ensure that the deployment and operation of recharging points, including the geographical distribution of bidirectional charging points, contribute to the flexibility of the energy system and to the penetration of renewable electricity into the electric system;

(j)measures to ensure that publicly accessible recharging and refuelling points are accessible to older persons, persons with reduced mobility and with disabilities, which have to be in line with the accessibility requirements of Annex I and Annex III of Directive 2019/882;

(k)measures to remove possible obstacles with regards to planning, permitting and procuring of alternative fuels infrastructure;

(l)a deployment plan for alternative fuels infrastructure in airports other than for electricity supply to stationary aircraft, in particular for hydrogen and electric recharging for aircrafts;

(m)a deployment plan for alternative fuels infrastructure in maritime ports, in particular for electricity and hydrogen, for port services as defined in Regulation (EU) 2017/352 of the European Parliament and of the Council 66 ;

(n)a deployment plan for alternative fuels infrastructure in maritime ports other than for LNG and shore-side electricity supply for use by sea going vessels, in particular for hydrogen, ammonia and electricity;

(o)a deployment plan for alternative fuels in inland waterway transport, in particular for both hydrogen and electricity;

(p)a deployment plan including targets, key milestones and financing needed, for hydrogen or battery electric trains on network segments that will not be electrified.

2. Member States shall ensure that the national policy frameworks take into account the needs of the different transport modes existing on their territory, including those for which limited alternatives to fossil fuels are available.

3. Member States shall ensure that national policy frameworks take into account, as appropriate, the interests of regional and local authorities, in particular when recharging and refuelling infrastructure for public transport is concerned, as well as those of the stakeholders concerned.

4. Where necessary, Member States shall cooperate, by means of consultations or joint policy frameworks, to ensure that the measures required to achieve the objectives of this Regulation are coherent and coordinated. In particular, Member States shall cooperate on the strategies to use alternative fuels and deployment of corresponding infrastructure in waterborne transport. The Commission shall assist the Member States in the cooperation process.

5. Support measures for alternative fuels infrastructure shall comply with the relevant State aid rules of the TFEU.

6. Each Member State shall make available to the public its draft national policy framework and shall ensure that the public is given early and effective opportunities to participate in the preparation of the draft national policy framework.

7. The Commission shall assess the draft national policy frameworks and may issue recommendations to a Member State no later than six months after the submission of the draft national policy frameworks as referred to in paragraph 1. Those recommendations may, in particular, address:

(a)the level of ambition of targets and objectives with a view to meet the obligations set out in Articles 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12;

(b)policies and measures relating to Member States’ objectives and targets.

8. Each Member State shall take due account of any recommendations from the Commission in its national policy framework. If the Member State concerned does not address a recommendation or a substantial part thereof, that Member State shall provide a written explanation to the Commission.

9. By 1 January 2025, each Member State shall notify to the Commission its final national policy framework.

Article 14 - Reporting

1. Each Member State shall submit to the Commission a standalone progress report on the implementation of its national policy framework for the first time by 1 January 2027 and every two years thereafter.

2. The progress reports shall cover the information listed in Annex I and shall, where appropriate, include a relevant justification regarding the level of attainment of the national targets and objectives referred to in Article 13.

3. The regulatory authority of a Member States shall assess, at the latest by 30 June 2024 and periodically every three years thereafter, how the deployment and operation of recharging points could enable electric vehicles to further contribute to the flexibility of the energy system, including their participation in the balancing market, and to the further absorption of renewable electricity. That assessment shall take into account all types of recharging points, whether public or private, and provide recommendations in terms of type, supporting technology and geographical distribution in order to facilitate the ability of users to integrate their electric vehicles in the system. It shall be made publicly available. On the basis of the results of the assessment, Member States shall, if necessary, take the appropriate measures for the deployment of additional recharging points and include them in their progress report referred to in paragraph 1. The assessment and measures shall be taken into account by the system operators in the network development plans referred to in Article 32(3) and Article 51 of Directive (EU) 2019/944.

4. On the basis of input from transmission system operators and distribution system operators, the regulatory authority of a Member States shall assess, at the latest by 1 30 June 2024 and periodically every three years thereafter, the potential contribution of bidirectional charging to the penetration of renewable electricity into the electricity system. That assessment shall be made publicly available. On the basis of the results of the assessment, Member States shall take, if necessary, the appropriate measures to adjust the availability and geographical distribution of bidirectional recharging points, in both public and private areas and include them in their progress report referred to in paragraph 1.

5. The Commission shall adopt guidance and templates concerning the content, structure and format of the national policy frameworks and the content of the national progress reports to be submitted by the Member States in accordance with Article 13(1) and six months after the date referred to in Article 24. The Commission may adopt guidance and templates to facilitate the effective application across the Union of any other provisions of this Regulation.

Article 15 - Review of national policy frameworks and progress reports

1. By 1 January 2026, the Commission shall assess the national policy framework notified by Member States pursuant to Article 13(9) and submit to the European Parliament and to the Council a report on the assessment of those national policy frameworks and their coherence at Union level, including a first assessment of the expected level of attainment of the national targets and objectives referred to in Article 13 (1).

2. The Commission shall assess the progress reports submitted by Member States pursuant to Article 14(1) and shall as appropriate issue recommendations to Member States to ensure the achievement of the objectives and obligations laid down in this Regulation. Following those recommendations, the Member States shall issue an update of their progress report within six months following the Commission’s recommendations.

3. The Commission shall submit to the European Parliament and to the Council a report on its assessment of the progress reports pursuant to Article 14(1) one year after submission of the national progress reports by the Member States. This assessment shall contain an assessment of:

(a)the progress made at Member States level on the achievement of the targets and objectives;

(b)the coherence of the development at Union level.

4. On the basis of national policy frameworks and national progress reports of Member States pursuant to Article 13 (1) and 14 (1), the Commission shall publish and regularly update information on the national targets and the objectives submitted by each Member State regarding:

(a)the number of publicly accessible recharging points and stations, separately for recharging points dedicated to light-duty vehicles and recharging points dedicated to heavy-duty vehicles, and in accordance with the categorisation provided in Annex III;

(b)the number of publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling points;

(c)the infrastructure for shore-side electricity supply in maritime and inland ports of the TEN-T core network and the TEN-T comprehensive network;

(d)the infrastructure for electricity supply for stationary aircraft in airports of the TEN-T core network and the TEN-T comprehensive network;

(e)the number of refuelling points for LNG at maritime and inland ports of the TEN-T core network and the TEN-T comprehensive network;

(f)the number of publicly accessible refuelling points for LNG for motor vehicles;

(g)the number of publicly accessible CNG refuelling points for motor vehicles;

(h)refuelling and recharging points for other alternative fuels at TEN-T core and comprehensive maritime and inland ports;

(i)refuelling and recharging points for other alternative fuels at airports of the TEN-T core network and the TEN-T comprehensive network;

(j)refuelling and recharging points for rail transport.

Article 16 - Progress tracking

1. By 28 February of the year following the entry into force of this Regulation and every year thereafter by the same date, Member States shall report to the Commission the total aggregated recharging power output, the number of publicly accessible recharging points and the number of registered battery electric and plug‑in hybrid vehicles deployed on their territory on 31 December of the previous year, in accordance with the requirements of Annex III.

2. Where it is evident from the report referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article or from any information available to the Commission that a Member State is at risk of not meeting its national targets as referred to in Article 3(1), the Commission may issue a finding to this effect and request the Member State concerned to take corrective measures to meet the national targets. Within three months following the receipt of the Commission’s findings, the Member State concerned shall notify to the Commission the corrective measures that it plans to implement to meet the targets set in Article 3(1). The corrective measures shall entail additional actions that the Member State shall implement to meet the targets set in Article 3 (1) and a clear timetable for actions that enables the assessment of the annual progress towards meeting those targets. Where the Commission finds that the corrective measures are satisfactory, the Member State concerned shall update its latest progress report as referred to in Article 14 with these corrective measures and submit it to the Commission.  

Article 17 - User information

1. Relevant, consistent and clear information shall be made available as regards motor vehicles which can be regularly fuelled with individual fuels placed on the market, or recharged by recharging points. That information shall be made available in motor vehicle manuals, at refuelling and recharging points, on motor vehicles and in motor vehicle dealerships in their territory. This requirement shall apply to all motor vehicles, and their motor vehicle manuals, placed on the market after 18 November 2016.

2. Identification of vehicles and infrastructures compatibility as well as identification of fuels and vehicle compatibility referred to in paragraph 1 shall be in compliance with the technical specifications referred to in points 9.1 and 9.2 of Annex II. Where such standards refer to a graphical expression, including a colour coding scheme, the graphical expression shall be simple and easy to understand, and it shall be placed in a clearly visible manner:

(a)on corresponding pumps and their nozzles at all refuelling points, as from the date on which fuels are placed on the market; or

(b)in the immediate proximity of all fuel tanks' filling caps of motor vehicles recommended for and compatible with that fuel and in motor vehicle manuals, when such motor vehicles are placed on the market after 18 November 2016.

3. When fuel prices are displayed at a fuel station, a comparison between the relevant unit prices shall be displayed where appropriate, and in particular for electricity and hydrogen, for information purposes following the common methodology for alternative fuels unit price comparison referred to in point 9.3 of Annex II.

4. Where European Standards setting technical specifications of a fuel do not include labelling provisions for compliance with the standards in question, where the labelling provisions do not refer to a graphical expression including colour coding schemes, or where the labelling provisions are not suitable for attaining the objectives of this Regulation, the Commission may, for the purposes of the uniform implementation of paragraphs 1 and 2:

(a)mandate ESOs to develop compatibility labelling specifications,

(b)adopt implementing acts determining the graphical expression, including a colour coding scheme, of compatibility for fuels introduced in the Union market which reach the level of 1 % of the total volume of sales, in the assessment of the Commission, in more than one Member State.

5. Where provisions on labelling of the respective European Standards are updated, implementing acts regarding the labelling are adopted or new European Standards for alternative fuels are developed, as necessary, the corresponding requirements on labelling shall apply to all refuelling and recharging points and motor vehicles registered on the territory of the Member States 24 months after their respective updating or adoption.

Article 18 - Data provisions

1. Member States shall appoint an Identification Registration Organisation (‘IDRO’). The IDRO shall issue and manage unique identification (‘ID’) codes to identify, at least operators of recharging points and mobility service providers, at the latest one year after the date referred to in Article 24.

2. Operators of publicly accessible recharging and refuelling points or, in accordance with the arrangement between them, the owners of those points, shall ensure the availability of static and dynamic data concerning alternative fuels infrastructure operated by them and allow accessibility of that data through the National Access Points at no cost. The following data types shall be made available:

(a)static data for publicly accessible recharging and refuelling points operated by them:

(i)geographic location of the recharging or refuelling point,

(ii)number of connectors,

(iii)number of parking spaces for people with disabilities,

(iv)contact information of the owner and operator of the recharging and refuelling station.

(b)further static data for publicly accessible recharging points operated by them:

(i)identification (ID) codes, at least of the operator of the recharging point and mobility service providers offering services at that recharging point, as referred to in paragraph 1,

(ii)type of connector,

(iii)type of current (AC/DC),

(iv)power output (kW),

(c)dynamic data for all recharging and refuelling points operated by them:

(i)operational status (operational/out of order),

(ii)availability (in use/ not in use),

(iii)ad hoc price.

3. Member States shall ensure the accessibility of data on an open and non-discriminatory basis to all stakeholders through their National Access Point in application of Directive 2010/40/EU of the European Parliament and the Council 67 .

4. The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 to:

(a)add additional data types to the ones specified in paragraph 2;

(b)specify elements related to the data format, frequency and quality in which these data shall be made available;

(c)establish detailed procedures enabling the provision and exchange of data required pursuant to paragraph 2.

Article 19 - Common technical specifications

1. Normal power recharging points for electric vehicles, excluding wireless or inductive units, deployed or renewed from the date referred to in Article 24, shall comply at least with the technical specifications set out in point 1.1 of Annex II.

2. High power recharging points for electric vehicles, excluding wireless or inductive units, deployed or renewed from the date referred to in Article 24 shall comply at least with the technical specifications set out in point 1.2 of Annex II.

3. Publicly accessible hydrogen refuelling points deployed or renewed from the date referred to in Article 24 shall comply with the technical specifications set out in points 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, and 3.4 of Annex II.

4. Shore-side electricity supply installations for maritime transport, deployed or renewed from the date referred to in Article 24 shall comply with the technical specifications set out in points 4.1 and 4.2 of Annex II.

5. CNG refuelling points for motor vehicles deployed or renewed from the date referred to in Article 24 shall comply with the technical specifications set out in point 8 of Annex II.

6. In accordance with Article 10 of Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012, the Commission may request European standardisation organisations to draft European standards defining technical specifications for areas referred to in Annex II to this Regulation for which no common technical specifications have been adopted by the Commission.

7. The Commission shall be empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 17 to:

(a)supplement this Article with common technical specifications, to enable full technical interoperability of the recharging and refuelling infrastructure in terms of physical connections and communication exchange for the areas listed in Annex II;

(b)amend Annex II by updating the references to the standards referred to in the technical specifications set out in that Annex.

Article 20 - Exercise of the delegation

1. The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.

2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Articles 18 and 19 shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years from the date referred to in Article 24. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the five-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period.

3. The delegation of power referred in Articles 18 and 19 may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.

4. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council.

5. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Articles 18 and 19 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by three months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.

Article 21 - Committee procedure

1. The Commission shall be assisted by a committee. That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011.

2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply. Where the committee delivers no opinion, the Commission shall not adopt the draft implementing act and the third subparagraph of Article 5(4) of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.

3. Where the opinion of the committee is to be obtained by written procedure, that procedure shall be terminated without result when, within the time limit for delivery of the opinion, the chair of the committee so decides or a simple majority of committee members so request.

Article 22 - Review

By 31 December 2026, the Commission shall review this Regulation, and, where appropriate, submit a proposal to amend it.

Article 23

1. Repeal Directive 2014/94/EU is repealed from the date referred to in Article 24.

2. References to Directive 2014/94/EU shall be construed as references to this Regulation and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table laid down in Annex IV.

Article 24 - Entry into force

This Regulation shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.


This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States.