Explanatory Memorandum to COM(2012)659 - Food and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation for the year 2011 - Main contents
Please note
This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.
| dossier | COM(2012)659 - Food and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation for the year 2011. |
|---|---|
| source | COM(2012)659  |
| date | 14-11-2012 |
REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL ON FOOD AND FOOD INGREDIENTS TREATED WITH IONISING RADIATION FOR THE YEAR 2011 /* COM/2012/0659 final */
Contents
- REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL
- 1. Legal basis and background
- and
- Article 7(4) of the Directive requires the Commission to publish in the Official Journal of the European Union
- 1.1. Irradiation facilities
- 1.2. Irradiated food and food ingredients
- 2. Results of checks carried out in irradiation facilities
- 2.1. Belgium
- 2.2. Bulgaria
- 2.3. Czech Republic
- 2.4. Germany
- Total|
- 2.5. Spain
- 2.6. Estonia
- 2.7. France
- 2.8. Hungary
- Total|
- 2.9. Italy
- 2.10. The Netherlands
- 2.11. Poland
- 2.12. Romania
- Total|
- 2.13. The United Kingdom
- 2.14. Other Member States
- 2.15. Summary for the EU
- 3. Results of checks carried out at the product marketing stage and the methods used to detect irradiated foods
- 3.1. Austria
- Total|
- 3.2. Belgium
- 3.3. Bulgaria
- 3.4. Cyprus
- Total|
- 3.5. Czech Republic
- Total|
- 3.6. Germany
- 3.7. Denmark
- Total|
- 3.8. Estonia
- 3.9. Greece
- Total|
- 3.10. Spain
- Total|
- 3.11. Finland
- Other preparations|
- 3.12. France
- Total|
- 3.13. Hungary
- Total|
- 3.14. Ireland
- Total|
- 3.15. Italy
- 3.16. Latvia
- Total|
- 3.17. Lithuania
- Total|
- 3.18. Luxembourg
- Total|
- 3.19. Malta
- 3.20. The Netherlands
- Total|
- 3.21. Poland
- 3.22. Portugal
- Total|
- 3.23. Romania
- Total|
- 3.24. Sweden
- Total|
- 3.25. Slovak Republic
- Total|
- 3.26. Slovenia
- Total|
- 3.27. United Kingdom
- 3.28. Summary for the EU
- NDS: No data submitted NAC: No analysis carried out|
- 4. Summary
ON FOOD AND FOOD INGREDIENTS TREATED WITH IONISING RADIATION FOR THE YEAR 2011
Article 7(3) of Directive 1999/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 February 1999 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning foods and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation[1], requires Member States to forward to the Commission every year:
– the results of checks carried out in irradiation facilities, in particular regarding the categories and quantities of food and food ingredients treated and the doses administered
– the results of checks carried out at the product marketing stage and the methods used to detect treatment with ionising radiation.
Article 7(4) of the Directive requires the Commission to publish in the Official Journal of the European Union
– the details of the approved irradiation facilities in the Member States as well as any changes in their status;
– a report on the information provided by the national supervisory authorities.
The current report covers the period from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011. It contains a compilation of the information forwarded to the Commission by 25 Member States. Bulgaria and Malta did not submit any data.
Information on general aspects of food irradiation is available on the website of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Health and Consumer[2].
According to Article 3(2) of Directive 1999/2/EC, food and food ingredients may be irradiated only in approved irradiation facilities. For facilities in the EU, approval is given by the competent authorities of the Member States. Article 7(3) requires Member States to inform the Commission on their approved irradiation facilities.
Irradiation of food and food ingredients may only be carried out by means of the following sources:
– Gamma rays from radionuclides 60Co or 137Cs;
– X-rays generated from machine sources operated at or below a nominal energy (maximum quantum energy) level of 5 MeV;
– Electrons generated from machine sources operated at or below a nominal energy (maximum quantum energy) level of 10 MeV.
The list of approved irradiation facilities in the Member States has been published by the Commission[3].
The irradiation of dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings is authorised at EU level by Directive 1999/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 February 1999 on the establishment of a Community list of food and food ingredients treated with ionising radiation[4]. In addition, 7 Member States have notified that they maintain national authorisations for certain food and food ingredients in accordance with Article 4(4) of Directive 1999/2/EC. The list of national authorisations has been published by the Commission[5].
Any irradiated foodstuff containing one or more irradiated food ingredient must be labelled with the words “irradiated” or “treated with ionising radiation”. If an irradiated product is used as an ingredient in a compound food, the same words shall accompany its designation in the list of ingredients. In the case of products sold in bulk, these words shall appear together with the name of the product on a display or notice above or beside the container in which the products are placed.
To enforce correct labelling or to detect non-authorised products, several analytical methods have been standardised by the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN), following a mandate given by the European Commission.
This section of the report deals with the results of the checks carried out in irradiation facilities, in particular regarding the categories and quantities of products treated and the doses administered. According to the information submitted by the Member States, the controls carried out by the competent authorities confirmed the compliance of the approved irradiation facilities with the requirements of Directive 1999/2/EC.
The following tables show the categories and quantities of products irradiated in approved facilities in the EU Member States in 2011.
There is one facility approved.
Category of products| Treated quantity (t)| Average absorbed dose (kGy)
Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings| 238,| 6 - 9
Frozen frog legs| 3050,| 5
Poultry| 1378,| 5
Fish, shellfish & molluscs| 153,| 3 – 5
Dehydrated blood, plasma and coagulates| 84,| 6 – 9
Vegetables| 4,| 3 – 5
Rice meal| 44,| 3
Egg white| 32,| 3
Gum arabic| 2,| 3
Colostrum (for veterinary research only)| 41,| 0 - 10
Total| 5030,|
There are two facilities approved. No data was submitted for 2011.
There is one facility approved.
Category of products| Treated quantity (t)| Average absorbed dose (kGy)
Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings| 24,| 4-10
Total| 24,|
There are four facilities approved. No food was irradiated in two of these facilities.
Category of products| Treated quantity (t)| Average absorbed dose (kGy)
Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings| <10
There are two facilities approved. No food was irradiated in one of these facilities.
Category of products| Treated quantity (t)| Average absorbed dose (kGy)
Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings| 307,| <10
Total| 307,|
There is one facility approved.
Category of products| Treated quantity (t)| Average absorbed dose (kGy)
Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings| 19,| 10
Total| 19,|
There are five facilities approved.
Category of products| Treated quantity (t)| Average absorbed dose (kGy)
Poultry| 114,| 5
Gum Arabic| 69,| 3
Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings| 0,| 10
Frozen frog legs| 510,| 5
Total| 694,|
There is one facility approved.
Category of products| Treated quantity (t)| Average absorbed dose (kGy)
Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings| 3-8
There is one facility approved. No food was irradiated in 2011.
There are two facilities approved.
Category of products| Treated quantity (t)| Average absorbed dose (kGy)
Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings| 199,| 6.4-7.3
Frog parts| 352,| 4
Poultry meat| 111,| 5
Dehydrated vegetables| 446,| 2-4
Egg white| 421,| 1.3
Shrimps (frozen)| 38,| 3
Total| 1572,|
There are two approved facilities.
Category of products| Treated quantity (t)| Average absorbed dose (kGy)
Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings| 105,| 5-10
Total| 105,|
There is one approved facility.
Category of products| Treated quantity (t)| Average absorbed dose (kGy)
Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings| 8
There is one approved facility. No food was irradiated in 2011.
There are no approved facilities in the other Member States (Austria, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Portugal, Sweden, Slovenia, Slovakia).
The following table summarises the quantities of foodstuffs (in tonnes) treated by ionising radiation in approved irradiation facilities within the European Union in 2011:
Category of products| BE| CZ| DE| EE| ES| FR| HU| NL| PL| RO| Total| %
Dehydrated blood| 84,| 84,| 1,04
Egg white| 32,| 454,| 5,64
Fish, Shellfish, Shrimps| 153,| 38,| 191,| 2,37
Frog legs| 3050,| 510,| 352,| 3914,| 48,52
Gum arabic| 2,| 69,| 71,| 0,88
Herbs and spices| 238,| 24,| 19,| 307,| 0,| 199,| 105,| 1208,| 14,98
Poultry| 1378,| 114,| 111,| 1605,| 19,89
Rice meal| 44,| 44,| 0,55
Vegetables| 4,| 4,| 0,06
Dehydrated products| 446,| 446,| 5,54
Other| 41,| 41,| 0,52
Total| 5030,| 24,| 19,| 307,| 694,| 1571,| 105,| 8067,| 100
% of total| 62,| 0,| 1,| 0,| 3,| 8,| 1,| 19,| 1,| 0,|
3. Results of checks carried out at the product marketing stage and the methods used to detect irradiated foods
The following tables show the results of the checks carried out at the product marketing stage and the methods used to detect treatment with ionising radiation.
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Herbs and spices| EN 1788, EN 13751
Herbal teas| EN 1788, EN 13751
Poultry meat| EN 1786
Total in % of analysed samples| 100 %| 0%| 0%|
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Fruit| EN 1788
Food supplements| 2*
Noodles| 0
Vegetables| 0
Herbs| 0
Crustaceans| 0
Molluscs||
Total| 2
Total in % of analysed samples| 98,4 %| 0 %| 1,6 %|
* irradiation not allowed
No data was submitted for 2011.
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant|
Dried vegetables, herbs and spices| ΕΝ 13751
Total in % of analysed samples| 100 %| 0 %| 0 %|
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Fish and shellfish| EN 1785
Herbal tea products| EN 1788
Spices| EN 1788
Dietary supplements| EN 1788
Instant noodle soups| EN 1788
Poultry| EN 1785
Fresh fruit| EN 1788, EN 1785
Dried mushrooms| EN 1788
Total in % of analysed samples| 82,5 %| 17,5 %| 0%|
Food analysed| Number of samples: 2.| CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Cheese, cheese preparations with herbs and spices| EN 1787, EN 1788, ASU§64 LFGB, L00.00-39
Cheese, cheese preparations without herbs and spices| EN 1788, EN 1784, ASU§64 LFGB, L00.00-39
Seasoned butter| EN 1787
Eggs and egg products| EN 1784
Meat (excl. poultry and game)| EN 1786
Poultry| EN 1784, EN 1786
Meat products (excl. Saussage products)| EN 1786, EN 1784, EN 1788
Sausage products| EN 1786, EN 1784
Fish and fish products| 4*| EN 1786, EN 1788, EN 1789
Crustaceans, shellfish, mussels and other aquatic animals including their products| 2* 2**| EN 1788, EN 1786, EN 1787, EN 1384, EN 13751, ASU§64 LFGB,L12.01-1,
Soups, sauces, including instant soups and meals| 2* 5**| EN 1787, EN 1788, EN 13751
Cereals and ceral products| 3**| EN 1787, EN 1788, EN 13751
Pulses, oil seeds, nuts| EN 1787, EN 1788, EN 13751
Potatoes, parts of starch-rich plants| EN 1788, EN 13751
Fresh vegetables| EN 1788, EN 1787, EN 13751
Dried vegetables| EN 1788, EN 1787, EN 13751
Fresh mushrooms| EN 1788
Dried mushrooms or mushrooms products| 6*| EN 1788, EN 13751, EN 1787
Fresh fruit| EN 1784, EN 1788, EN 1787, EN 13751, EN 1385
Dried fruit and fruit products| EN 1787, EN 1788, EN 13708
Coffee| EN 1788, EN 13751
Tea, tea-like products| EN 1788, EN 13751, EN 1787
Ready meals and dishes| EN 1788, EN 1786, EN 13751
Food supplements| 12*| EN 1788, EN 1787, EN 13751, Thermoluminescence
Seasonings and condiments| 3**| EN 1788, EN 13751, EN 1787, Thermoluminescence
Dried herbs and spices| 7**| EN 1788, EN 1787, EN 13751, Thermoluminescence
Others| EN 1788, EN 13751, EN 13708
Enzymes| EN 1788, EN 13751
Total| 2.|
Total in % of analysed samples| 97,83%| 0,58%| 1,58%|
* irradiation not allowed; ** not correctly labelled
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Dietary supplements| 3*| EN 13751, EN 1788
Herbs and spices| EN 13751, EN 1788
Herbal tea| EN 13751, EN 1788
Dried instant noodles| 3*| EN 13751, EN 1788
Soups and sauces| EN 13751, EN 1788
Total in % of analysed samples| 94 %| 0 %| 6 %|
* irradiation not allowed
In 2011 no checks were carried out at the product marketing stage. There is no laboratory in Estonia carrying out analyses for ionising radiation. Due to the limited financial resources, samples were not sent abroad for analysis.
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Spices| EN 13751
Tea| EN 13751
Herbs| EN 13751
Total in % of analysed samples| 100%| 0%| 0%|
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Herbs and spices| 1**| EN 1787, EN 13751
Infusions| EN 13751
Dried fruits| EN 13708, EN 1787
Molluscs| EN 1786
Meat| EN 1786
Total in % of analysed samples| 97,12 %| 2,4 %| 0,48 %|
** not correctly labelled
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Dried spices and herbs| EN 13751, EN 1788
Food supplements, foods for special dietary use| EN 13751, EN 1788
Fruit, berries, vegetables| EN 13751, EN 1788
Tea and herbal preparations| EN 13751, EN 1788
Total| 8**|
Total in % of analysed samples| 95,8 %| 0 %| 4,2 %|
** not correctly labelled or from facilities without EU approval
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Herbs and spices| EN 1784, EN 1788
Frozen crustaceans or molluscs| EN 1784, EN 1788
Dehydrated soups and sauces| 3**| EN 1784, EN 1788
Food supplements| 2*| EN 1784, EN 1788
Frogg legs| EN 1784, EN 1788
Lamb| EN 1784, EN 1788
Poultry| EN 1784, EN 1788
Pre-cooked noodles| EN 1784, EN 1788
Tea| EN 1784, EN 1788
Dehydrated fruit, vegetables, mushrooms| EN 1784, EN 1788
Total in % of analysed samples| 89,3%| 6,2%| 4,5%|
* irradiation not allowed; ** not correctly labelled
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Spices| EN 1788
Tea| EN 1788
Total in % of analysed samples| 100%| 0 %| 0 %|
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Spices| EN 13751 (screening), EN 1788 (confirmation)
Herbs and spices| 0
Seasonings| 0
Seeds| 0
Pasta| 0
Noodles| 0
Teas| 0
Total in % of analysed samples| 100%| 0 %| 0 %|
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Fish, molluscs, crostaceans| EN 13784, EN 1786, EN 1788, EN 13751
Herbs and spices| EN 13783, EN13751, EN 1787, EN 1788
Meat| EN 1786, EN 13784, EN 13751
Garlic and onions| EN 1788, EN 13751, EN 1787, EN 13783
Potatoes| EN 1788, EN 13751, EN 1787, EN 13783
Dried mushrooms| EN 13708, EN13751
Vegetable seasonings| EN 1787, EN 13783
Nuts| EN 1787, EN 13708
Dried fruit| EN 1787, EN 13708
Frog legs| EN 1786, EN 1785
Fresh fruit| EN 1787, EN 1788, EN 13708
Vegetable extracts| EN 13751
Food supplements| EN 13751
Wheat| EN 1787
Vegetables| EN 1788
Green tea| EN 13751
Bakery products| EN 1787
Total| 16**|
Total in % of analysed samples| 98,95 %| 0 %| 1,05 %|
** not correctly labelled
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Mushrooms (salted, frozen)| MI 2143-91 VNIIMS SDP 5.4.4R.01:2010 SSI- Rapport 93-11(Sr 90)
Food supplements| 5*| EN 1788
Dried herbs and spices| EN 1788
Fish and crustaceans| MI 2143-91 VNIIMS SDP 5.4.4R.01:2010
Garlic| EN 1788
Soy sauce| MI 2143-91 VNIIMS
Pomello| MI 2143-91 VNIIMS
Mineral water| MI 2143-91 VNIIMS SSI- Rapport 93-11(Sr 90)
Total in % of analysed samples| 88 %| 0 %| 12 %|
* irradiation not allowed
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Food supplements| EN 13783
Herbs and spices| EN 13783
Tea| EN 1378
Dried vegetables| EN 1378
Total in % of analysed samples| 100%| 0 %| 0 %|
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Food supplements| 5*| EN 1788
Noodles| EN 1788
Total in % of analysed samples| 75%| 0%| 25%|
* irradiation not allowed
No data was submitted for 2011.
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Cereal products| EN 13751
Dried vegetables and vegetable products| EN 13751
Dried fruit and fruit products| EN 13751
Nuts and seeds| EN 13751
Fish and fish products| EN 13751
Salads, pasta and soup| EN 13751
Spices/flavours| EN 13751
Total in % of analysed samples| 95,4%| 4,6 %| 0%|
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Dried herbs and spices| EN 13751, EN 1788
Nuts| EN 1787
Vegetables (including pulses)| EN 1788
Fruits| EN 1784, EN 1787
Fish and sea food| EN 1786, EN 1788
Teas| EN 13751
Ripened cheeses, cottage cheeses, other cheeses containing spices/herbs| EN 1788
Pre-prepared meals| EN 1788
Meat, offal, meat products| EN 1786, EN 1784
Food supplements| EN 13751, EN 1788
Food for particular nutritional uses| EN 1788
Total| 4**|
Total in % of analysed samples| 98,25 %| 0 %| 1,75 %|
** not correctly labelled
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Herbs, spices and vegetable extracts| PSL technique (Photostimulated Luminescence)
Total in % of analysed samples| 100%| 0 %| 0 %|
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegatable seasonings| 1***| EN 1787, EN 13751
Total in % of analysed samples| 98,7 %| 0 %| 1,3%|
*** irradiated in a facility without EU approval
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Poultry meat (from different birds)| EN 1784
Total in % of analysed samples| 100%| 0 %| 0 %|
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Nuts| EN 1784
Oil seeds| EN 1784
Tuna in oil, crushed| EN 1784
Biscuits and cereal bars| EN 1788
Meat product| EN 1784
Total in % of analysed samples| 100%| 0 %| 0 %|
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Spices| EN 13751, EN 1788
Food supplements| EN 13751, EN 1788
Garlic| EN 13751, EN 1788
Rice| EN 13751, EN 1788
Total in % of analysed samples| 85 %| 15 %| 0 %|
Food analysed| Number of samples: CEN method used
Compliant| Inconclusive| Non-compliant
Dried herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings| EN13751, EN 1788
Fresh and preserved (other than dried) herbs and spices| EN13751, EN 1788
Miscellaneous| EN13751, EN 1788
Noodles and dehydrated Asian meals| EN13751, EN 1788
Vegetables| EN13751, EN 1788
Soups and sauces| EN13751, EN 1788
Food supplements| EN13751, EN 1788
Dried fish and seafood| EN13751, EN 1788
Total| 6**|
Total in % of analysed samples| 90,00 %| 5,4 %| 4,6 %|
** not correctly labelled and no evidence provided as to irradiation carried out in an approved facility
The following table summarises the samples analysed and the results obtained for the European Union as a whole:
Member State| Compliant Samples| Inconclusive| Non compliant samples| total samples| % versus EU Total samples
AT| 2,3%
BE| 2,2%
BG| NDS| NDS| NDS| NDS|
CY| 0,1%
CZ| 0,7%
DE| 54,0%
DK| 1,8%
EE| NAC| NAC| NAC| NAC|
EL| 0,4%
ES| 3,8%
FI| 3,5%
FR| 2,0%
HU| 1,4%
IE| 2,0%
IT| 7,8%
LV| 0,8%
LT| 1,7%
LU| 0,4%
MT| NDS| NDS| NDS| NDS|
NL| 5,6%
PL| 4,2%
PT| 0,2%
RO| 1,5%
SE| 0,1%
SK| 0,3%
SI| 0,4%
UK| 2,4%
Total EU| 100%
|| 97%| 1%| 2%| 100%|
||
The current report covers the period from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011. It contains a compilation of the information forwarded to the Commission by 25 Member States. Bulgaria and Malta did not submit any data.
In 2011, 24 approved irradiation facilities were operational in 13 Member States in accordance with Article 7(2) of Directive 1999/2/EC. No new irradiation facilities have been approved. No approved irradiation facilities have been closed. Five irradiation facilities did not irradiate any food during 2011 (no data was submitted for the two facilities in Bulgaria).
A total quantity of 8.067,5 tonnes of products were treated with ionising irradiation in the Member States, 90,45 % of which were irradiated in three Member States: Belgium (62,36%), the Netherlands (19,48%) and France (8,61%). The three biggest fractions within the irradiated categories are frog legs (48,52%), poultry (19,89%) and dried aromatic herbs and spices (14,98%).
There has been a slight decrease in the total quantity of products irradiated in the EU compared to 2010 (9.263,4 tonnes). In France, there was a significant reduction in the quantity of dried aromatic herbs, spices and vegetable seasonings as well as in the quantity of poultry meat treated with ionising radiation: 65% and 75% respectively. In the Netherlands, there was a 2,85% increase in the total quantity of products treated with ionising radiation, mainly due to a sharp increase of the quantity of egg whites irradiated in 2011.
25 Member States submitted information regarding the checks carried out at the product marketing stage. One Member State did not perform any analytical checks in official control and inspection due to the fact that it does not have laboratories to carry out the analysis and that sending samples to be analysed abroad would be too expensive.
A total of 5.397 samples have been analysed by 24 Member States, three Member States accounted for 67,4% of the samples (Germany 54%, Italy 7,8%, and the Netherlands 5,6%). 5.232 samples (97%) were compliant with the provisions of the Directives, 105 samples (2%) were non-compliant, 60 samples (1%) gave inconclusive results. Reasons for inconclusive results are most often related to non-confirmation after positive results from screening tests and/or to the difficulty to determine which of the ingredients were irradiated, even if they are labelled, in composed foodstuffs. The two main reasons for non-compliance of tested samples are incorrect labelling and forbidden irradiation; non-compliance is also due to irradiation in facilities not approved by the EU. Reasons for non-compliance are given in each table reporting the tests carried out in each Member State.
[1] OJ L 66, 13.3.1999, p. 16.
[2] ec.europa.eu/food/food/biosafety/irradiation
[3] OJ C 265, 1.9.2012, p. 3.
[4] OJ L 66, 13.3.1999, p. 24.
[5] OJ C 283, 24.11.2009, p. 5.