Annexes to COM(2008)811 - Green Paper on the management of bio-waste in the EU

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dossier COM(2008)811 - Green Paper on the management of bio-waste in the EU.
document COM(2008)811 EN
date December  3, 2008
Annex II of the Waste Framework Directive, incineration facilities dedicated to the processing of MSW are regarded as recovery operation only where their energy efficiency is equal to or above 0.60 for installations in operation before 1 January 2009 and 0.65 for installations permitted after 31 December 2008.

[7] The pre-treated waste fraction for incineration is often referred to as RDF (refuse derived fuel).

[8] Directive 2001/77/EC.

[9] COM(2008) 19.

[10] ORBIT/ECN, 2008.

[11] In 2007, the largest European centre for biogas as biofuel opened in Lille. Based on the treatment of the separated organic waste collected by this municipality of 1.1 million people, it will produce 4 million Nm³ of biogas per year converted to transport-grade fuel, serving a fleet of 150 buses of the municipal transport system.

[12] EEA, 2007 (1).

[13] See ACR+, 2008 and JRC, 2007.

[14] This and further data on landfilling – Eurostat, 2008.

[15] Eurostat, 2008.

[16] Juniper, 2005.

[17] L.de Baere, 2008.

[18] see e.g. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/publications/compost_success_stories.htm.

[19] ORBIT/ECN, 2008.

[20] ORBIT/ECN, 2008.

[21] Every tonne of bio-waste results in the production of about 350-400 kg of compost.

[22] ORBIT/ECN, 2008 – due to very general data no sum up to 100%.

[23] In PL, 100% of compost is used for land restoration or covering landfills due to poor compost quality.

[24] COM(2006) 231 and 2006/2293(INI).

[25] ORBIT/ECN, 2008.

[26] Regulations 2092/91/EEC (until 31.12.2008) and 834/2007/EC (as from 1.1.2009).

[27] Decision 2006/799/EC.

[28] Decision 2007/64/EC.

[29] COM(2006) 231.

[30] Brussels European Council of March 2007.

[31] The RES Directive is currently negotiated under a co-decision procedure between the European Parliament and the Council.

[32] COM(2006) 848.

[33] EEA, 2006.

[34] www.ipcc.ch

[35] COM(96) 557.

[36] EEA, 2007 (2) (fig. 6.24).

[37] AEA, 2001.

[38] Eunomia (2002) assumed that representative (for EU15) incinerator producing only electricity achieves 21% energy efficiency and CHP plants generate energy at 75% efficiency.

[39] http://ec.europa.eu/energy/res/consultation/uses_biomass_en.htm

[40] AEA, 2001, Table A5.46, p.140.

[41] Brussels, 2001.

[42] Vito, 2007.

[43] JRC, 2007.

[44] See: http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/waste/.

[45] JRC, 2007 and JRC, 2009.

[46] JRC, 2007.

[47] Copenhagen, 2007.

[48] JRC, 2007.

[49] Heidelberg, 2002.

[50] JRC, 2007.

[51] http://viso.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lca-biowaste and http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/waste/

[52] Eunomia, 2002.

[53] Vito, 2007.

[54] Optimized separate collection systems may substantially reduce the frequency of collection of residual waste, also savings on disposal may be considerable. See e.g. Favoino, 2002.

[55] Eunomia cited by COWI, 2004.

[56] DEFRA, 2004.

[57] EEA CSI-16.

[58] WRAP, 2008.

[59] COM(2008) 397.

[60] AEA, 2001, Tables A3.36 and A3.37, p. 118.

[61] Impact Assessment on the Proposal of Directive on Industrial Emission.

[62] BREF Waste Treatment.

[63] E.g. Fowles, 2007 and Lehmann, 2007.

[64] www.ec.europa.eu/transparency/regrin

[65] COM(2007)127.

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