Annexes to COM(2011)889 - GREEN PAPER Lighting the Future Accelerating the deployment of innovative lighting technologies

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dossier COM(2011)889 - GREEN PAPER Lighting the Future Accelerating the deployment of innovative lighting technologies.
document COM(2011)889 EN
date December 15, 2011
Annex 45 Guidebook on Energy Efficient Electric Lighting for Buildings (2010), International Energy Agency (IEA)

[29]             "Lighting energy savings in 10 Shopping Malls", LED project UNIBAIL RODAMCO, (2011)

[30]             "The European GreenLight Programme - Efficient Lighting Project, Implementation Catalogue 2005-2009", JRC

[31]             http://www.celma.org/archives/temp/CELMA_ELC_LSL_Presentation_D.Zembrot_EP_25012011.pdf

[32]             "Addressing the rebound effect" – final report (2011), European Commission study contract ENV.G.4/FRA/2008/0112

[33]             "Énergie et patrimoine communal" (2005), ADEME

[34]             E.g. Amsterdam, Berlin, Bremen, Brussels, Budapest, Eindhoven, Haarlem, Leipzig, Lyon, Manchester, Oslo, Rotterdam, Tallinn, Tilburg, Toulouse and others

[35]             E.g. Germany is financing a series of pilots "Kommunen in neuem Licht"; France is supporting Cluster Lumière that offers a platform for innovation of LEDs

[36]             E.g., Birmingham City Council

[37]             "Consumer relevant Eco-design requirements for domestic lighting", BEUC – ANEC position paper (2011), http://www.beuc.eu

[38]             The retail price of a 60W incandescent lamp is less than 1 euro, while that of its CFL equivalent is around 5 euro and of its LED equivalent more than 30 euro. Current forecasts foresee CFL and LED market share parity only in 2015-16

[39]             TCO includes acquisition, maintenance and replacement as well as the energy costs

[40]             "Lighting systems using light-emitting diodes: health issues to be considered" (2010), ANSES

[41]             Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks; it advises the Commission on scientific issues related to consumer safety, public health and the environment

[42]             Also known as "split incentives" conflict between investors and energy end-users or "principle agent" conflict. E.g., when comparing today's LEDs with fluorescent lamps, their TCO becomes superior after 5-6 years of usage.

[43]             Ecodesign (http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/ecodesign/eco_design_en.htm) aims at reducing the environmental impact of products, including the energy consumption throughout their entire life cycle

[44]             Energy Labelling (http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/labelling/energy_labelling_en.htm) sets the framework for developing product-specific energy labelling measures to allow end-users to choose more efficient products through standard product information on energy consumption

[45]             Ecolabel (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecolabel/) is a voluntary scheme which promotes products having high-level environmental performance

[46]             The Low Voltage Directive (http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/electrical/lvd/) covers the safety of electric products operating under more than 50 volts and ensures that only safe electrical equipment is placed on the market. For products operating below 50 volts the safety issues are covered by the General Product Safety Directive (http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/safety/prod_legis/index_en.htm)

[47]             The Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances aims at restricting the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/rohs_eee/, while the Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment aims at promoting the collection and recycling of such equipment, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/weee/

[48]             Green Public Procurement (GPP) is a voluntary scheme at EU level. It is a process whereby public authorities seek to procure goods, services and works with a reduced environmental impact throughout their life cycle. COM (2008) 400

[49]             Since 2010, the enforcement of performance and safety requirements contained in most of the above instruments can rely on the New Legislative Framework (NLF). NLF consists of two complementary instruments: a Regulation and a Decision. Since 2010, the NLF regulation sets out a stronger framework for market surveillance of electrical equipment and lays down powers and duties of competent national authorities. They should carry out checks of products, both domestic and imported, on an adequate scale and stop products presenting a risk or otherwise not conforming to applicable requirements. The NLF Decision contains model provisions on economic operators obligations to which product harmonisation legislation should be aligned. See also: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/single-market-goods/regulatory-policies-common-rules-for-products/new-legislative-framework/

[50]             http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/ecodesign/doc/meeting/ed_wd_dls_leds_hl_converter_v1.0.pdf

[51]             http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/ecodesign/doc/meeting/el_wd2_-_draft_regulation_on_a_lamp_energy_label_v1.0.pdf

[52]             More than 650 public and private organisations have signed the GreenLight programme's commitment since its launch by the European Commission in 2000, http://www.eu-greenlight.org

[53]             The scheme includes product categories, minimum performance value and product declaration marks, and tested value reporting

[54]             "Implementing Agreement for a Co-operative Programme on Efficient Electrical End-Use Equipment (4E)", IEA Annual Report 2010, SSL Annex

[55]             ELENA (European Local ENergy Assistance) was established by the Commission and the European Investment Bank

[56]             http://ec.europa.eu/energy/eepr/eeef/eeef_en.htm

[57]             Potential dissemination channels: The Covenant of Mayors; Eurocities; the GreenLight programme, the LUCI association; etc.

[58]             A call for SSL pilot actions took place under the CIP-ICT Work Programme 2011, with a budget of up to 10 million euro. As a result of this call, a few pilot actions will be launched in early 2012

[59]             12% of all existing buildings in Europe are run by public authorities

[60]             COM(2011) 370 final

[61]             DIR 2010/31/EU

[62]             Similar models are already deployed for non-residential buildings and street lighting

[63]             Today, less than 10% of LED chip production is located in Europe

[64]             LED lamps replacing conventional incandescent, fluorescent or halogen lamps

[65]             "The European Lighting Industry’s Considerations Regarding the need for an EU Green Paper on Solid State Lighting", ELC/CELMA 2011, www.celma.org

[66]             http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/ict/key_technologies/kets_high_level_group_en.htm

[67]             http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/ict/files/kets/hlg_report_final_en.pdf

[68]             These include in particular Gallium and Indium as well rare earth materials that are used in phosphors (Yttrium, Cerium, Europium)

[69]             China currently controls 95% of the world's supply of rare earth materials and has taken measures to severely restrict their export

[70]             COM (2011) 21

[71]             COM (2011) 571 final

[72]             See overview report "Joint CELMA/ELC Guide on LED related standards" (2011), www.celma.org

[73]             See also ELECTRA initiative, COM(2009) 594 final

[74]             http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp7/index_en.cfm

[75]             http://www.eniac.eu/web/index.php

[76]             http://ec.europa.eu/cip/

[77]             http://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/

[78]             http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/ict_psp

[79]             http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/themes/research/index_en.htm

[80]             E.g. Baden-Wuerttemberg and Saxony in Germany, Rhône-Alpes in France, Oulu in Finland

[81]             E.g. addressing existing safety and interfacing gaps, methodologies for measuring the performance and lifetime of SSL products and systems, the communication of stand-alone SSL products and systems with each other and with other energy systems

[82]             In line with COM(2008) 699 and COM(2011)25, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/index_en.htm

[83]             COM(2011) 614 and COM(2011) 615 final