Annexes to COM(2013)141 - Enhancing Maternal and Child Nutrition in External Assistance: an EU Policy Framework - Main contents
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This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.
| dossier | COM(2013)141 - Enhancing Maternal and Child Nutrition in External Assistance: an EU Policy Framework. |
|---|---|
| document | COM(2013)141  |
| date | March 12, 2013 |
Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
Humanitarian crisis is an event or series of events which represents a critical threat to the health, safety, security or wellbeing of a community or other large group of people. A humanitarian crisis can have natural or manmade causes, can have a rapid or slow onset and can be of short or protracted duration.
Malnutrition is a physical condition related to the body’s use of nutrients. There are two forms of malnutrition: undernutrition and overnutrition.
Micronutrient deficiencies are the form of undernutrition related to vitamins and minerals. Deficiencies of iron, iodine, vitamin A and zinc are amongst the top 10 leading causes of death through disease in developing countries.
Nutrition is the science of how nutrients and other substances in food act and interact in relation to health.
Undernutrition includes: i) intrauterine growth restriction which leads to low birth weight; ii) stunting iii) wasting and nutritional oedema; and iv) deficiencies of essential micronutrients.
Underweight includes children with low weight for height (wasting) or low height for age (stunting).
Wasting is a condition resulting from recent rapid weight loss, or a failure to gain weight, over a short period of time. It is characterised by low bodyweight compared to height.
Stunting describes chronic undernutrition, characterised by low height compared to age The longer timescale over which height-for-age is affected makes it more useful for long-term planning and policy development.
[1] COM(2011)637
[2] Doc. 9369/12
[3] COM(2010)127 and COM(2010)126
[4] Doc. 9597/10
[5] COM(2012)586
[6] Alliance Globale pour l’Initiative Résilience
[7] Supporting the Horn of Africa’s Resilience
[8] SEC(2010)265
[9] Black R. E. et al., Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences, The Lancet, 2008
[10] UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank, Levels & Trends in Child Malnutrition, 2012 (data from 2011)
[11] UNICEF, Levels and trends in child mortality, 2011
[12] UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank, Levels & Trends in Child Malnutrition, 2012 (data from 2011)
[13] Ibid
[14] De Benoist B . et al., Worldwide Prevalence of Anemia 1993-2005: WHO Global Database on Anaemia, WHO and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2008
[15] Ibid
[16] WHO, WFP, UNICEF, Preventing and controlling micronutrient deficiencies in populations affected by an emergency - Multiple vitamin and mineral supplements for pregnant and lactating women, and for children aged 6 to 59 months, 2007
[17] Black R. E. et al., Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences, The Lancet, 2008
[18] S Grantham-McGregor et al., Development potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries, The Lancet, 2007
[19] World Bank, Repositioning Nutrition as Central to Development - A Strategy for Large-Scale Action, 2006
[20] Including raising the awareness of women and including reproductive health issues if applicable
[21] Strong community based rural policies that take a multisectoral approach may be part of the solution
[22] WHO, sixty-fifth World Health Assembly, A65/11, 2012
[23] WHO, sixty-fifth World Health Assembly, A65/11, 2012
[24] Under 5 mortality rate >2/10000/day; GAM>15% or GAM>10% with aggravating factors. (Commission Staff Working Document on 'addressing undernutrition in emergencies')
[25] Including national investments