Annexes to COM(2021)562 - Use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport - Main contents

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dossier	COM(2021)562 - Use of renewable and low-carbon fuels in maritime transport.
document	COM(2021)562
date	September 13, 2023

ANNEX I

Methodology for establishing the greenhouse gas intensity of the energy used on board by a ship

For the purpose of calculating the GHG intensity of the energy used on board by a ship, the following formula, referred to as Equation (1) shall apply:

) Equation (1)
WtT
TtW
fwind	Reward factor for wind-assisted propulsion

For the purposes of Equation (1), the different terms and notations used are presented in the following table:

Term	Explanation
i	Index corresponding to the fuel types delivered to the ship in the reporting period
j	Index corresponding to the fuel consumer units on board the ship. For the purpose of this Regulation the fuel consumer units considered are the main engine(s), auxiliary engine(s), boilers, fuel cells and waste incinerators
k	Index corresponding to the OPS connection points
n	Total number of fuel types delivered to the ship in the reporting period
c	Total number of OPS connection points
m	Total number of fuel consumer units
Mi,j	Mass of fuel i consumed by fuel consumer unit j [gFuel]
Ek	Electricity delivered to the ship per OPS connection point k [MJ]
CO2eqWtT,i	WtT GHG emission factor of fuel i [gCO2eq/MJ]
	WtT GHG emission factor associated with the electricity delivered to the ship at berth per OPS connection point k [gCO2eq/MJ]
LCVi	Lower calorific value of fuel i [MJ/gFuel]
RWDi	Where the fuel is of non-biological origin, a reward factor of 2 from 1 January 2025 to 31 December 2033 can be applied. Otherwise RWDi = 1.
Cslipj	Non-combusted fuel coefficient as a percentage of the mass of the fuel i consumed by fuel consumer unit j [%]. Cslip includes fugitive and slipped emissions.
	TtW GHG emission factors by combusted fuel i in fuel consumer unit j [gGHG/gFuel]
CO2eq,TtWi,j	TtW CO2 equivalent emissions of combusted fuel i in fuel consumer unit j [gCO2eq/gFuel] Equation (2)
	TtW GHG emission factors by slipped fuel i towards fuel consumer unit j [gGHG/gFuel]
CO2eq,TtWslipi,j	TtW CO2 equivalent emissions of slipped fuel i towards fuel consumer unit j [gCO2eq/gFuel] Where: Csf CO2, and Csf N2O, = 0. CsfCH4j = 1.
	CO2, CH4, N2O Global Warming Potential over 100 years, which are defined in Directive (EU) 2018/2001, paragraph 4 of Part C of Annex V

For the purposes of this Regulation, the term in the numerator of Equation (1) shall be set to zero.

Method for determining [Mi]

The [Mi] mass of fuel shall be determined using the amount reported in accordance with the framework of the reporting under Regulation (EU) 2015/757 for voyages within the scope of this Regulation based on the monitoring methodology chosen by the company.

Method for determining WtT GHG emission factors

The WtT emissions are determined on the basis of the methodology contained in this Annex as provided in Equation (1).

The WtT GHG emission factors (CO2eqWtT,i) default values are contained in Annex II.

In the case of fossil fuels, only the default values contained in Annex II shall be used.

Actual values may be used provided that they are certified under a scheme that is recognised by the Commission in accordance with Article 30(5) and (6) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001 for biofuels, biogas, RFNBO and recycled carbon fuels, or, where applicable, in accordance with the relevant provisions of Union legal acts for the internal markets in renewable and natural gases and in hydrogen, in application of Article 10(4) of this Regulation.

Fuel Bunker Delivery Note (BDN)

Under existing MARPOL Annex VI regulations, the BDN is mandatory and information to be included in the BDN is specified.

For the purposes of this Regulation:

BDNs including fuels other than fossil fuels used on board shall be complemented with the following information regarding those fuels:

—	Lower calorific value [MJ/g],

—

For biofuels, E values as established in accordance with the methodologies laid down in Directive (EU) 2018/2001, Part C of Annex V and Part B of Annex VI [gCO2eq/MJ] and related evidence of compliance with the rules set out in that Directive for those fuels, identifying the fuel production pathway,

—	For fuels other than fossil fuels and biofuels, WtT GHG emission factor [gCO2eq/MJ] and related certificate identifying the fuel production pathway.

2.	Where there is product blending, information required by this Regulation shall be given for each product.

Electricity Delivery Note (EDN)

For the purposes of this Regulation, relevant EDNs for electricity delivered to the ship shall contain at least the following information:

1.	supplier: name, address, telephone number, email address, representative;

2.	receiving ship: IMO number (MMSI), ship name, ship type, flag, ship representative;

3.	port: name, location (LOCODE), terminal/berth;

4.	OPS connection point: connection point details;

5.	OPS time: date/time of commencement/finalisation;

6.	energy supplied: power fraction allocated to supply point (if applicable) [kW], electricity consumption (kWh) for the billing period, peak power information (if available);

metering.

Method for determining TtW GHG emission factors

The TtW emissions are determined on the basis of the methodology contained in this Annex as provided in Equation (1) and Equation (2).

The TtW GHG emission factors (CO2eq,TtW,j ) default values are contained in Annex II.

In accordance with its monitoring plan referred to in Article 8 and upon assessment by the verifier, a company may use other methods, such as direct CO2eq measurement or laboratory testing, if they enhance the overall accuracy of the calculation, in application of Article 10(5).

Method for determining TtW fugitive and slipped emissions

Fugitive and slipped emissions are emissions caused by the amount of fuel that does not reach the combustion chamber of the combustion unit or that is not consumed by the fuel consumer unit because they are uncombusted, vented, or leaked from the system. For the purposes of this Regulation, fugitive and slipped emissions are taken into account as a percentage of the mass of the fuel used by the fuel consumer unit. The default values are contained in Annex II.

Methods for determining the reward factors linked to wind-assisted propulsion

Where wind-assisted propulsion is installed on board, a reward factor can be applied, determined as follows:

Reward factor for wind-assisted propulsion – WIND (fwind)
0,99	0,05
0,97	0,1
0,95	≥ 0,15

Where:

—

PWind is the available effective power of the wind-assisted propulsion systems and corresponds to feff * Peff as calculated in accordance with the 2021 guidance on treatment of innovative energy efficiency technologies for calculation and verification of the attained energy efficiency design index (EEDI) and energy efficiency existing ships index (EEXI) (MEPC.1/Circ.896);

—

PProp is the propulsion power of the ship and corresponds to PME as defined in the 2018 guidelines on the method of calculation of the attained EEDI for new ships (IMO resolution MEPC.364(79)) and the 2021 guidelines on the method of calculation of the attained EEXI (IMO resolution MEPC.333(76)). Where shaft motor(s) are installed, PProp = PME + PPTI(i),shaft.

The GHG intensity index of the ship is then calculated by multiplying the result of Equation (1) by the reward factor.

ANNEX II

Default emission factors

The default emission factors contained in the table below shall be used for the determination of the GHG intensity index referred to in Annex I of this Regulation, except where companies diverge from those default emission factors in application of Article 10(4) and (5) of this Regulation.

In the table below:

—	TBM stands for To Be Measured,

—	N/A stands for Not Available,

—	The dash means not applicable,

—	E is established in accordance with the methodologies laid down in Directive (EU) 2018/2001, Part C of Annex V and Part B of Annex VI.

Where a cell indicates either TBM or N/A, unless a value is demonstrated in accordance with Article 10, the highest default value of the fuel class in the same column shall be used.

Where, for a particular fuel class, all cells in the same column indicate either TBM or N/A, unless a value is demonstrated in accordance with Article 10, the default value of the least favourable fossil fuel pathway shall be used. This rule does not apply to column 9, where TBM or N/A refers to non-available values for the fuel consumer. In case of no default value, a certified value in accordance with Article 10(5) should be used.

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
	WtT	TtW
Fuel Class	Pathway name	LCV	CO2eq WtT	Fuel Consumer Unit Class				Cslip As % of the mass of the fuel used by the engine
Fossil	HFO ISO 8217 Grades RME to RMK	0,0405	13,5	ALL ICEs	3,114	0,00005	0,00018	-
LFO ISO 8217 Grades RMA to RMD	0,041	13,2	ALL ICEs	3,151	0,00005	0,00018	-
MDO MGO ISO 8217 Grades DMX to DMB	0,0427	14,4	ALL ICEs	3,206	0,00005	0,00018	-
Fossil	LNG	0,0491	18.5	LNG Otto (dual fuel medium speed)	2,750	0	0,00011	3,1
LNG Otto (dual fuel slow speed)	1,7
LNG Diesel (dual fuel slow speed)	0,2
LBSI	2,6
LPG	0,046	7,8	ALL ICEs	3,030 Butane 3,000 Propane	TBM	TBM	N/A
H2 (natural gas)	0,12	132	Fuel Cells	0	0	-	-
ICE	0	0	TBM
NH3 (natural gas)	0,0186	121	Fuel Cells	0	N/A	TBM	N/A
ICE	0	N/A	TBM	N/A
Methanol (natural gas)	0,0199	31,3	ALL ICEs	1,375	TBM	TBM	-
Biofuels	Ethanol Production Pathways of Directive (EU) 2018/2001	Value as set out in Annex III of Directive (EU) 2018/2001		ALL ICEs	1,913	TBM	TBM	-
Bio-diesel Production Pathways of Directive (EU) 2018/2001	ALL ICEs	2,834	TBM	TBM	-
Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) Production Pathways of Directive (EU) 2018/2001	ALL ICEs	3,115	0,00005	0,00018	-
Liquefied Bio- methane as transport fuel (Bio-LNG) Production Pathways of Directive (EU) 2018/2001	LNG Otto (dual fuel medium speed)	2,750	0	0,00011	3,1
LNG Otto (dual fuel slow speed)	1,7
LNG Diesel (dual fuels)	0,2
LBSI	2,6
Bio-methanol Production Pathways of Directive (EU) 2018/2001	ALL ICEs	1,375	TBM	TBM	-
Other Production Pathways of Directive (EU) 2018/2001	ALL ICEs	3,115	0,00005	0,00018	-
Biofuels	Bio-H2 Production Pathways of Directive (EU) 2018/2001	Value as set out in Annex III of Directive (EU) 2018/2001	N/A	Fuel Cells	0	0	0	-
ICE	0	0	TBM
Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO) - e-Fuels	e-diesel	0,0427	Ref. to Directive (EU) 2018/2001)	ALL ICEs	3,206	0,00005	0,00018	-
e-methanol	0,0199	Ref. to Directive (EU) 2018/2001)	All ICEs	1,375	TBM	TBM	-
e-LNG	0,0491	Ref. To Directive (EU) 2018/2001)	LNG Otto (dual fuel medium speed)	2,750	0	0,00011	3,1
LNG Otto (dual fuel slow speed)	1,7
LNG Diesel (dual fuels)	0,2
LBSI	2,6
e-H2	0,12	Ref. to Directive (EU) 2018/2001)	Fuel Cells	0	0	0	-
ICE	0	0	TBM
e-NH3	0,0186	N/A	Fuel Cells	0	N/A	TBM	N/A
ICE	0	N/A	TBM	N/A
e-LPG	N/A	N/A		N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
e-DME	N/A	N/A		N/A	N/A	N/A	-
Others	Electricity	-	EU ENERGY MIX	On-shore power supply (OPS)	-	-	-	-

Column 1 identifies the class of the fuels, namely fossils fuels, liquid biofuels, gaseous biofuels and e-fuels.

Column 2 identifies the name or the pathways of the relevant fuels within the class.

Column 3 contains the lower calorific value of the fuels in [MJ/g]. For liquid biofuels, values of energy content by weight (lower calorific value, MJ/kg) as set out in Annex III to Directive (EU) 2018/2001 shall be converted in [MJ/g] and used.

Column 4 contains the WtT GHG emission factors in [gCO2eq/MJ]:

(a)

For liquid biofuels, the default values shall be calculated by using the values of E established in accordance with the methodologies laid down in Directive (EU) 2018/2001, Part C of Annex V to that Directive for all liquid biofuels except bio-LNG and Part B of Annex VI to that Directive for bio-LNG, and on the basis of default values related to the particular biofuel used as a transport fuel and its production pathway, laid down in that Directive, Parts D and E of Annex V to that Directive for all liquid biofuels except bio-LNG and in Part D of Annex VI to that Directive for bio-LNG. However, the values of E need to be adjusted by subtracting the ratio of the values contained in column 6 (Cf_CO2) and column 3 (LCV). This is required under this Regulation, which separates the WtT and the TtW calculations, to avoid double counting of emissions;

(b)

For RFNBO and other fuels not referred to in point (a) to be taken into account for the purpose referred to in Article 4(1) of this Regulation, default values are to be either calculated by using the methodology of the delegated act referred to in Article 28(5) of Directive (EU) 2018/2001, or, if applicable, a similar methodology if defined under a Union legal act concerning the internal markets in renewable and natural gases and in hydrogen, pursuant to Article 10(1) and (2) of this Regulation.

Column 5 identifies the main types/classes of fuel consumer units such as 2 and 4 strokes Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) Diesel or Otto cycle, Lean-Burn Spark-Ignited (LBSI) engines, fuel cells, etc.

Column 6 contains the emission factor Cf for CO2 in [gCO2/gfuel]. Emission factors values as specified in Regulation (EU) 2015/757 shall be used. For all those fuels not contained in Regulation (EU) 2015/757, the default values are specified in the table.

Column 7 contains the emission factor Cf for methane in [gCH4/gfuel]. For LNG fuels, Cf for methane are set to zero.

Column 8 contains the emission factor Cf for nitrous oxide in [gN2O/gfuel].

Column 9 identifies the part of fuel lost as fugitive and slipped emissions (Cslip) measured as % of the mass of fuel used by the specific fuel consumer unit. For fuels such as LNG for which the fugitive and slipped emissions exist, the amount of fugitive and slipped emissions as presented in the table is expressed in % of the mass of fuel used (Column 9). The values of Cslip in the table are calculated at 50 % of the full engine load.

ANNEX III

General requirements for zero-emission technologies

The following non-exhaustive table identifies types of technologies as well as general requirements for their operation to be considered as zero-emission technologies within the meaning of Article 3, point (7).

Types of technology

General requirements for operation

Fuel cells

Power supplied by onboard fuel cells with a fuel or a system ensuring that, when used to provide energy, it does not release any emissions referred to in Article 3, point (7), into the atmosphere

On-board electrical energy storage

Power supplied by on-board electrical energy storage systems previously charged via:

—	onboard power generation at sea

—	shore side battery charging

—	battery swapping

On-board power generation from wind and solar energy

Power supplied by on-board renewable energy sources, either directly supplying to the ship grid or via charging of on-board intermediate electrical energy storage

Power supplied by on-board technologies not identified in this table that achieve zero emissions, within the meaning of Article 3, point (7), can be added to this table by means of delegated acts in accordance with Article 6(6).

The fulfilling of the general requirements indicated above and in Article 6(6) for other technologies as well as of the detailed criteria for acceptance specified in the implementing acts referred to in Article 6(7), is to be proved by relevant documentation.

ANNEX IV

Formulas for calculating the compliance balance and FuelEU penalties laid down in Article 23(2)

A. Formulas for calculating the ship’s compliance balance

(a)

For the purpose of calculating the compliance balance of a ship for GHG intensity as referred to in Article 4(2), the following formula shall apply:

Compliance balance [gCO2eq] =

(GHGIEtarget - GHGIEactual) x [

]

Where:

gCO2eq	Grams of CO2 equivalent
GHGIEtarget	GHG intensity limit of the energy used on-board a ship according to Article 4(2)
GHGIEactual	Yearly average of the GHG intensity of the energy used on-board a ship calculated for the relevant reporting period

For any ship having the ice class IC, IB, IA or IA Super or an equivalent ice class, the company may request, until 31 December 2034, to exclude the additional energy consumption, due to sailing in ice conditions.

For any ship having the ice class IA or IA Super or an equivalent ice class, the company may request to exclude the additional energy consumption, due to the technical characteristics of the ship.

For both cases in which additional energy consumption is excluded, the calculation of the compliance balance above, the values of Mi shall be replaced by the adjusted mass of fuel MiA defined in Annex V and the value of GHGIEactual to be used for calculating the compliance balance shall be recalculated with the corresponding values of MiA.

(b)

For the purpose of calculating the compliance balance of a ship with respect to the subtarget for RFNBO according to Article 5(3), the following formula shall apply:

CBRFNBO[MJ] =

Where:

CBRFNBO	Compliance balance in MJ of RFNBO subtarget referred to in Article 5(3)
	Annual sum of energy used from RFNBO and/or from fuels providing equivalent GHG emissions savings referred to in Article 5

B. Formula for calculating the FuelEU Penalties laid down in Article 23(2)

The amount of the FuelEU penalties laid down in Article 23(2) shall be calculated as follows:

(a)

FuelEU penalty with respect to compliance balance for GHG intensity of the ship according to Article 4(2)

FuelEU Penalty =

1.	FuelEU Penalty	2.	Is in EUR
3.		4.	Is the absolute value of the compliance balance
5.	41 000	6.	Is 1 metric ton of VLSFO that is equivalent to 41 000 MJ
7.	2 400	8.	Is the amount to be paid in EUR per equivalent metric ton of VLSFO

(b)

FuelEU penalty with respect to the subtarget for RFNBO according to Article 5(3)

If , the amount of the FuelEU penalty as referred to in Article 23(2) shall be calculated as follows:

FuelEU Penalty (RFNBO) =

9.	FuelEU Penalty	10.	Is in EUR
11.	CBRFNBO	12.	Is the value of the compliance balance for RFNBO
13.	Pd	14.	Price difference between RFNBO and fossil fuel compatible with ship installation
15.	41 000	16.	Is 1 metric ton of VLSFO that is equivalent to 41 000 MJ

ANNEX V

Calculation of adjusted mass of fuel for ice navigation

This Annex describes how to calculate:

—	the additional energy consumption due to technical characteristics of a ship having the ice class IA or IA Super or an equivalent ice class

—	the additional energy consumption of a ship having the ice class IC, IB, IA or IA Super or an equivalent ice class due to sailing in ice conditions

—	the adjusted mass [Mi A] after the deduction of the additional energy, allocated to each fuel i

Additional energy due to ice class

The additional energy consumption due to the technical characteristics of a ship having the ice class IA or IA Super or an equivalent ice class is calculated as follows:

Where:

Evoyages, total	denotes the total energy consumed for all voyages and;
Eadditional due to ice conditions	denotes the additional energy consumption due to sailing in ice conditions.

The total energy consumed for all voyages is calculated as follows:

Where:

Mi, voyages, total	denotes the mass of fuel i consumed for all voyages within the scope of this Regulation and;
LCVi	the lower calorific value of fuel i.

Additional energy due to sailing in ice conditions

The additional energy consumption of a ship having the ice class IC, IB, IA or IA Super or an equivalent ice class due to sailing in ice conditions is calculated as follows:

Where:

Evoyages,open water	denotes the energy consumed on voyages in open water and;
Evoyages,ice conditions, adjusted	denotes the adjusted energy consumed in ice conditions.
Eadditional due to ice conditions	cannot be higher than

The energy consumed for voyages that include sailing in open water only is calculated as follows:

Where:

Evoyages,ice conditions	denotes energy consumed for sailing in ice conditions, which is calculated as follows:

Where:

Mi,voyages,ice conditions

denotes the mass of fuel i consumed for sailing in ice conditions, within the scope of this Regulation.

The adjusted energy consumed in ice conditions is calculated as follows:

Where:

Dice conditions	denotes the aggregated distance travelled when sailing in ice conditions within the scope of this Regulation.
	is the energy consumption per distance travelled in open water calculated as follows:

Where:

Evoyages,ice conditions	denotes the energy consumption when sailing in ice conditions and;
D total	is the aggregated annual distance travelled within the scope of this Regulation.

Total additional ice energy due to ice class and sailing in ice conditions

Adjusted mass [Mi,A]

The company shall allocate the total additional ice energy E i additional ice to the different fuels i used during the year, with the following conditions:

Σ E i additional ice = E additional ice

For each fuel i,

The [Mi,A] adjusted mass of fuel is calculated as follows: