Annexes to JOIN(2023)12 - Fight against corruption - Main contents
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This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.
| dossier | JOIN(2023)12 - Fight against corruption. |
|---|---|
| document | JOIN(2023)12 |
| date | May 3, 2023 |
National courts are competent to deal with cases related to criminal offences, including corruption and fraud, committed by staff or Members of the institutions. Such cases can be brought to court either by national prosecutors or, when the EU’s financial interests are affected, by the EPPO. If Members or staff benefit from immunity in respect of acts performed in an official capacity, the EU institution concerned must waive this immunity when such waiver is not contrary to the interests of the Union and its decision is subject to the control of the Court of Justice of the EU.
6. BUILDING A COMMON CULTURE TO CHALLENGE CORRUPTION
A collective, whole-of-society culture based on zero-tolerance to corruption is a strong expression of the European commitment to rule of law and high standards of integrity in public life. Fostering these values is an essential complement to more immediate action on prevention, detection and prosecution. Creating such a culture requires action on many fronts: from building ethics and integrity into the expectations of individual young people through their education, to facilitating exchanges between actors at national and European levels to strengthen understanding of the challenges and make them more determined to act. Close and regular coordination with all relevant public authorities, multilateral organisations, civil society, media and the private sector are essential.
Partnering with the private sector, civil society, research and academia, media as well as citizens can help to create a culture of integrity through a whole-of-society approach. The Commission will prioritise awareness-raising campaigns and civic education programmes, emphasising the crucial role that individuals play in supporting a culture of integrity, including through exploring how those following such programmes could act as ambassadors for integrity as multipliers. The Commission will also map existing EU funding opportunities in the anti-corruption area to give them more visibility and coherence.
The Erasmus+ programme includes anti-corruption themes in its work on education, training, youth and sport in Europe. Anti-corruption efforts are addressed under different policy priorities, such as civic engagement and responsible citizenship. The EU supports for example the Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degree in Sports Ethics and Integrity at university level and Erasmus+ has supported innovative approaches to anti-corruption education in schools in Hungary, Italy and Slovenia. The Framework Programmes for research and innovation are also supporting research and collecting evidence on new forms of corruption with a view to developing innovative solutions for the benefit of anti-corruption authorities and practitioners.
Civil society has a key role to play, not only as watchdogs to identify potential risks or cases of corruption, but also as catalysts for fostering and maintaining an anti-corruption culture, through awareness-raising, educational and advocacy work. In many Member States, civil society organisations are important partners in the implementation of national anti-corruption strategies. This role can be expanded. An example is the ‘integrity pacts’ that have been developed as a tool to prevent corruption in public procurement, based on a commitment of the contracting authority and bidders to comply with best practice and maximise transparency. This work is monitored by a third actor, usually a civil society organisation. Integrity pacts are being promoted in the EU financial programmes for 2021-2027 and Member States are being encouraged to gradually build integrity pacts into their programmes.
A free and plural media and an environment in which journalists can work free of harassment or intimidation is essential for ensuring that the media can do its job as watchdog. The Commission supports actions that promote a free, diverse and pluralistic media environment. These include support for collaborative and cross-border journalism, monitoring risks to media pluralism, mapping violations of media freedom and defending journalists under threat. For example, since 2021, the EU has funded a Europe-wide rapid response mechanism for violations of press and media freedom and maintained an emergency support fund for investigative journalists and media organisations.
7. ANTI-CORRUPTION IN EU EXTERNAL POLICIES
Building anti-corruption actions into external policies is an important part of efforts to promote good governance and prosperity worldwide. A coherent approach between internal and external anti-corruption policies is important for the EU’s credibility. The EU promotes human rights, democratic governance, the rule of law and the fight against corruption policies as a priority in its external action62. The High Representative, supported by the Commission, is today putting forward a proposal for the establishment of a horizontal CFSP sanctions framework. More generally, in its external actions, the EU supports legal and policy reforms to build anti-corruption institutions and oversight bodies, and to strengthen civil society, whistleblowers, human rights defenders and independent media as watchdogs against corruption. Strong integrity standards in the EU’s own programmes help to promote high standards among partners. The fight against corruption is also part of the political and security dialogues with third countries and international organisations conducted by the High Representative on the Union’s behalf. The EU supports international cooperation in this field, working with like-minded partners to raise standards63.
Use of common foreign and security policy (CFSP) sanctions to target corruption
Beyond the implementation of existing international anti-corruption legal instruments, an important debate is currently ongoing at EU level on the use of CFSP sanctions to tackle systematic or widespread corruption in non-EU countries when this corruption seriously affects or risks affecting the EU’s fundamental values and interests or when action is needed to achieve other CSFP objectives, such as supporting democracy and the rule of law. So far, a CFSP sanctions regime has only been designed to enable the EU to target corruption outside of the EU in two specified third countries64. A horizontal, thematic framework (not limited to a specific geographic context) addressing corruption would add an extra dimension and more flexibility to the Union’s sanctions65 toolbox. The High Representative is therefore submitting a proposal for a Council Decision and, jointly with the Commission, a proposal for a Council Regulation for a thematic framework for CFSP sanctions targeting corruption, to complement our internal and external policy actions to fight corruption.
The proposal for the establishment of a horizontal CFSP sanctions framework will complement and enhance the Union’s capacity to tackle serious acts of corruption, by giving it a tool to adopt restrictive measures when those acts seriously affect or risk affecting the fundamental interests of the Union and the objectives of the Common Foreign and Security Policy. Passive or active bribery of a public official or the embezzlement or misappropriation by a public official could constitute such serious acts of corruption, especially in a country that appears on the EU list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes, or a country that suffers from strategic deficiencies in its national regimes on anti-money laundering and countering terrorism financing that pose significant threats to the financial system of the Union.
Anti-corruption as a priority in the EU’s enlargement and neighbourhood policies
In the enlargement process, alignment with existing EU law, adherence to the rule of law and anti-corruption reforms largely determine the pace of candidate countries’ progress towards accession to the EU. These are also priorities of the Eastern Partnership, under which anti-corruption strategies are supported to promote high standards of integrity and transparency in public bodies, and to strengthen anti-corruption agencies, investigative capacity, justice reforms and civil society.
Regular monitoring of anti-corruption and related reforms under the annual ‘Enlargement package’ includes a detailed assessment of the state of play in each candidate and potential candidate country, including guidelines on future reform priorities. The Commission reviews the legislative and institutional framework linked to both prevention and repression, with emphasis on the actual track record of proactive investigations, indictments and court rulings (particularly for high-level corruption). In 2022, the Commission also rolled out a round of peer review missions focusing on the fight against corruption, organised crime and money laundering. The latest analytical reports on Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia66 assess their capacity to assume the obligations of EU membership, and the fight against corruption is a priority of these reports. One important issue is ‘de-oligarchisation’, aiming to eliminate the excessive influence of vested interests in economic, political, and public life.
Positive steps have included a new e-platform for the systematic collection of data on organised crime and high-level corruption, which can be used to help assess the progress of each partner country in upholding the rule of law. The aim of the platform is to empower national authorities of candidate countries and potential candidates to mainstream data collection and enable the aggregation of data and identification of trends supported by the use of a dashboard based on Key Performance Indicators (KPI) identifying trends and anomalies67.
Example: The EU contributes almost EUR 6 million to a project implemented by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe to monitor serious corruption and organised crime trials, identifying systemic issues and providing recommendations to strengthen rule of law in the Western Balkans.
Promoting anti-corruption reforms in the EU’s external action and trade relations
The 2020-2024 EU Action Plan on human rights and democracy has a strong focus on the rule of law and includes anti-corruption lines of action. Political, human rights and sectoral policy dialogues are among the tools used to implement these actions. This is reflected also in funding under the Global Europe/Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument (NDICI) programme.
The EU promotes democratic governance and the rule of law through thematic, bilateral and regional programmes, and support for improved public finance management. Support focuses on public administration reform and sound public financial management, capacity-building for law enforcement and judicial authorities, establishing a robust legal framework in line with international standards, and establishing and strengthening specialised anti-corruption bodies, as well as providing support to civil society, the media, whistleblowers, and human rights defenders. Broader support for the rule of law in key institutions and for improving the business and investment climate also benefits the anti-corruption framework. Policy dialogues play a key part, supported by the shaping of EU financial support. EU budget support is an important tool for improving transparency and accountability at country level with corruption being one of the risks analysed in the context of these funding operations68.
Measures are under way to strengthen the anti-corruption dimension in all development areas. As well as the targeted programmes above, this includes operational guidelines to provide in-depth guidance to EU Delegations working outside traditional governance areas, including sectors targeted by the EU’s Global Gateway Initiative. This rests on a broader Team Europe approach to the corruption threat, working together with Member States and International Financing Institutions (IFIs) and building on international standards and best practice. A number of global thematic programmes also support anti-corruption and the rule of law. The Team Europe Democracy (TED) initiative – bringing together 14 Member States – includes support to rule of law with a focus on accountability. The EU also partners with civil society to prevent corruption and promote open government.
A recent evaluation of EU support to rule of law and anti-corruption in partner countries69 concluded that the EU has been less visible and successful in fighting corruption than in promoting the rule of law, and recommended that the EU assume global leadership in the fight against corruption. One of the benefits of a clear and robust EU anti-corruption framework, anchored in UNCAC, will be to serve as a benchmark in its partnerships with other countries outside the EU.
EU trade policy also supports the fight against corruption. Since 2015, anti-corruption provisions are included into of the EU trade agreements with non-EU countries. Autonomous trade tools such as the EU General Scheme of Preferences (GSP) also include provisions aimed at addressing corruption. Under the GSP, additional market access (GSP+) can be provided to developing countries that ratify and effectively implement key international agreements, including the UNCAC. The EU monitoring process under the GSP rules involves exchanges of information, dialogue and visits to the country as well as the publication of regular progress reports.
Supporting anti-corruption work in multilateral fora
The EU leads by example in the fight against corruption, promoting the values of respect for democracy, human rights and the rule of law by pushing forward the fight against corruption on the global agenda. To assist Member States and amplify the EU’s voice, the EU will intensify its efforts to facilitate and coordinate positions in multilateral fora, alongside its work as a party to UNCAC.
The review process of the implementation of UNCAC by the EU is well under way, with the Commission coordinating. In December 2020, the Commission adopted a Communication on the review of the European Union under the Implementation Review Mechanism of the UNCAC70 outlining the steps for cooperation among the EU institutions, bodies and agencies participating in the review process from July 2021. In September 2022, the EU submitted and published its self-assessment for the first cycle of the review mechanism. The Commission is committed to promoting transparency and the involvement of civil society in the review process and will support the completion of the review under the first cycle by 2024.
Building on previous action in 2021 by the secretariats of GRECO, the OECD and the UNODC, the EU will contribute to the international debate on how to best improve synergies and streamline reviews of implementation of anti-corruption measures. The experience of the EU’s Rule of Law report cycle and the ongoing EU review under UNCAC will help to ensure a strong EU participation at the upcoming UNCAC Conference of State Parties in December 2023.
The EU currently has an observer status with GRECO and this offers an important expert forum and a valuable complement to the work of the annual Rule of Law report cycle. GRECO has proved itself a highly valuable source of expertise and a driver of reform. The Commission will further step up its engagement with GRECO by establishing a more regular and formal dialogue, including by inviting GRECO to have a standing involvement in the network. In parallel, the Commission will continue discussing with the other institutions the possibility of moving toward full participation of the EU in GRECO.
8. CONCLUSION: LOOKING FORWARD
Integrity, transparency and the fight against corruption are clear political commitments of the Union. The current set of proposals will further strengthen the fight against corruption in the EU, raising the standards of EU law to ensure better prevention and fight against corruption as well as providing for an international sanctions mechanism. The Commission invites the European Parliament and the Council to give swift consideration to the proposed Directive on combating corruption by criminal law. The Commission and the High Representative invite the Council to give swift consideration to the proposal to establish a new framework of CFSP sanctions targeting corruption.
The proposals accompanying this Communication will complement the constant efforts made to deepen anti-corruption across a wide range of areas. These efforts include regular updates to the framework to promote integrity and guard against the risks of corruption, maintaining strong anti-corruption provisions in all relevant horizontal and sector-specific legislation. Ensuring that corruption prevention is adequately mainstreamed into the design of new policies and programmes, and the evaluation of existing ones, will continue to be a priority for the Commission. This will be informed by the new strand of work to map corruption-related risks in high-risk sectors.
Corruption cannot be fought in isolation. Cooperation and exchange of experience, and a constant dialogue between Member States and the EU level on how to develop and apply reforms and tools to prevent, detect and prosecute corruption, are key ingredients for making anti-corruption efforts a success on the ground. By establishing the EU network against corruption, the Commission will give new impetus to corruption prevention efforts across the EU.
Fighting corruption benefits society as a whole, and individual citizens should be fully engaged in this work, alongside civil society organisations and the private sector. The Commission will prioritise awareness-raising campaigns and civic education programmes, as well as map existing EU funding opportunities for anti-corruption actions, with a view to provide more visibility and coherence and to improve their impact.
Fighting corruption within the EU’s borders is important for the credibility of EU action in the international arena. As well as the extension of the sanctions regime, deepened engagement in multilateral fora such as UNCAC and GRECO will help the EU’s contribution in building strong and coherent understanding of why effective integrity and anti-corruption policies are so central to security and prosperity worldwide. The EU will continue its work to fight against corruption and promote good governance and the rule of law as one of the major priorities of the enlargement process and the EU’s external relations more generally.
The workstreams set out in this Communication represent a major EU commitment to further efforts to combat corruption and to work towards a comprehensive and strategic approach with an EU Anti-corruption Strategy. This will be an essential part of how the EU can ensure a democratic and prosperous future equal to EU citizens’ expectations.
1This estimate is based on the work of specialised institutions and bodies, such as the International Chamber of Commerce, Transparency International, UN Global Compact, World Economic Forum, and Clean Business is Good Business, which suggest that the loss of economic wealth due to corruption amounts to 5 % of GDP at world level. Another estimate suggested that the costs of corruption were between EUR 179 billion and EUR 990 billion per year in the EU (The Cost of Non-Europe in the Area of Corruption study by RAND Europe, 2016).
2See for example 2022 Transparency International Global CPI: https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2022.
3Special Eurobarometer 523 on Corruption (2022) & Flash Eurobarometer 507 on Businesses’ attitudes towards corruption in the EU (2022).
4Proposal for a Directive on combatting corruption COM (2023) 234.
5Proposal of the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to the Council for a Council Decision concerning restrictive measures against serious acts of corruption (HR(2023)108) and Joint Proposal for a Council Regulation on restrictive measures against serious acts of corruption (JOIN(2023)13).
6There is no single legal definition of corruption due to the various forms it can take.
7Criminal Law Convention on Corruption plus the Additional Protocol to the Criminal Law Convention on Corruption (CETS 191), and a Civil Law Convention on Corruption (CETS 191). The work of the Council of Europe also includes Twenty Guiding Principles against Corruption (Resolution (97) 24), as well as Recommendations covering areas such as the responsibilities of public officials and party financing.
8The 1997 OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. The work on prevention includes the OECD Principles for Transparency and Integrity in Lobbying and the OECD Recommendation on Public Integrity.
9See: https://www.europol.europa.eu/cms/sites/default/files/documents/socta2021_1.pdf.
10COM(2020) 605 final.
11COM(2021) 170 final.
12 Joint report of Europol and the Security Steering Committee of the ports of Antwerp, Hamburg/Bremerhaven and Rotterdam (2023) Criminal networks in EU ports, Risks and challenges for law enforcement.
13UNCAC covers corruption in both the private and the public sector. Additional international initiatives that provide business ethics guidance come from the World Economic Forum, the United Nations Global Compact, the Alliance for Integrity, Transparency International, the OECD and the G20.
14Convention on the fight against corruption involving officials of the European Communities or officials of Member States of the European Union.
15Council Framework Decision 2003/568/JHA of 22 July 2003 (OJ L 192, 31.7.2003, p. 54-56).
16Directive (EU) 2017/1 371 of 5 July 2017 on the fight against fraud to the Union’s financial interests by means of criminal law.
17COM(2022) 245 final.
18 The proposed Directive is based on Articles 82(1)(d), 83(1) and 83(2) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU.
19 https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/13744-Transparency-of-covert-interference-by-third-countries_en.
20Directives 2014/23/EU, 2014/24/EU and 2014/25/EU of 26 February 2014 (‘the Concessions Directive’, the ‘Classical Directive’, and the ‘Utilities Directive’).
21Directive 2011/16/EU on administrative cooperation (the ‘DAC’) and its amendment. A further proposal to amend the DAC (‘DAC8’ – COM (2022) 707) is currently ongoing. The proposal provides that tax information that is exchanged under the DAC between Member State tax authorities can also be used for other purposes, for example for anti-money laundering and anti-corruption purposes as well as purposes covered by an act based on Article 215 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. This will facilitate the cooperation between relevant authorities of Member States and a more effective fight against corruption.
22 Council Regulation (EU) No 904/2010 of 7 October 2010 on administrative cooperation and combating fraud in the field of value added tax set up Eurofisc, a network of Member States to fight against cross border VAT fraud, able to request information from OLAF and Europol. Further improvements on the cooperation of tax authorities with EU institutions and bodies are envisaged as announced in the Action Plan for fair and simple taxation.
23 On 22 December 2021, the Commission proposed a key initiative to fight against the misuse of shell entities for improper tax purposes, COM(2021) 565 final.
24Directive 2015/849 of 20 May 2015, amended by Directive 2018/843 of 30 May 2018. This is complemented by Directive 2018/1673 of 23 October 2018 on combating money laundering by criminal law, which harmonises definitions and sanctions of money-laundering criminal offences, including corruption as a predicate offence.
25 Collection of beneficial ownership data has also been made compulsory for control and audit purposes in a number of basic acts, such as the regulation setting up the Recovery and Resilience Facility or the Common Provision Regulation. This is also part of the proposal for the upcoming review of the Financial Regulation
26 Under the anti-money laundering legislation, a 'politically exposed person’ (PEP) is an individual who is or has been entrusted with a prominent function. As PEPs hold positions that can be abused for the purpose of corruption/bribery and the laundering of the subsequent illicit funds, they are considered as posing a higher risk and shall therefore be subject to additional due diligence measures.
27 The package consists of proposals for a new Anti-money Laundering Directive (COM(2021)423); for an Anti-money Laundering Regulation (COM(2021)420); for a Regulation establishing an Anti-money Laundering Authority (COM(2021)421) and for a recast of the 2015 Transfer of Funds Regulation (COM(2021)422). The package is currently under inter-institutional negotiations.
28 COM (2022) 800 final.
29 Directive (EU) 2019/1 of 11 December 2018 to empower the competition authorities of Member States to be more effective enforcers and to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market (Article 4 ‘Independence’).
30COM(2019) 12 final of 23 January 2019.
31 In March 2022, in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Commission recommended that Member States immediately assess whether past naturalisations of Russian or Belarusian nationals, which were based on an investor citizenship scheme, should be withdrawn because the person concerned is subject to the Union restrictive measures or because it significantly supports the war in Ukraine. The Commission also recommended that Member States take immediate action to address the risks posed by investor residence schemes (C(2022) 2028 final of 28 March 2022).
32 In 2019, the Commission published a study on ‘Mapping of corruption in sport in the EU’, which set out the links between doping and match fixing and corruption.
33Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law.
34 C(2021) 6650, 16 September 2021.
35 COM/2022/177 final and C/2022/2428 of 27 April 2022.
36COM(2022) 457 final.
37 Directive (EU) 2022/2464 of 14 December 2022.
38COM(2021) 170 final.
39Regulation 2018/1805 of 14 November 2018 on the mutual recognition of freezing orders and confiscation orders.
40Proposal for a Directive on asset recovery and confiscation; COM(2022) 245 final.
41Together with the proposed Directive on the criminalisation of the violation of restrictive measures, the Asset Recovery and Confiscation Directive will allow for the confiscation of assets of individuals and entities circumventing EU restrictive measures imposed due to Russia’s war against Ukraine.
42Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member States (2002/584/JHA).
43 Directive (EU) 2019/1153 of 20 June 2019 laying down rules facilitating the use of financial and other information for the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of certain criminal offences.
44 Article 325 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
45Regulation 2018/1046.
46 See also Commission Notice “Guidance on the avoidance and management of conflicts of interest under the Financial Regulation” 2021/C 121/01, OJ C 121 of 9 April 2021.
47 COM(2019) 196 final. As part of the internal control framework, the Commission has designed an Anti-Fraud Strategy at corporate level (CAFS) as well as tailored anti-fraud strategies in each of its departments, which applies to all management modes of the EU programmes and funds.
48 COM(2022) 223 final.
49 Notably shared management, which accounts for more than 70% of the EU budget and the Recovery and Resilience Facility. The Commission has also set up a variety of tools to prevent, detect and investigate the possible misuse of EU funds, such as the risk-scoring tool Arachne or the Irregularity Management System.
50 Regulation 2021/1060 and Regulation 2021/2116.
51 Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 of 12 October 2017 implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office. 22 Member States are currently part of the enhanced cooperation and participate in the EPPO.
52Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2092.
53 Possible breaches of principles of the rule of law under the regulation include situations where national authorities investigating and prosecuting corruption do not function properly, where national measures to prevent and sanction corruption are insufficient, or where there is lack of effective and timely cooperation with OLAF or with the EPPO.
54COM(2020) 713 final.
55 Staff Regulations of Officials of the European Union and the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Union (Regulation No 31 (EEC), 11 (EAEC), laying down the Staff Regulations of Officials and the Conditions of Employment of Other Servants of the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community).
56The Commission set up its Investigation and Disciplinary Office of the Commission (IDOC) in 2002 to enforce ethics and integrity in the Commission. It investigates facts which may constitute breaches of the Staff Regulations, and carries out disciplinary procedures to be adjudicated by a Disciplinary Board in cases of serious misconduct. Sanctions are set out in the Staff Regulations.
57 See Section 3.2.
58Interinstitutional Agreement of 20 May 2021 between the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union and the European Commission on a mandatory transparency register.
59Under the Interinstitutional Agreement, the registration of interest representatives in the transparency register is a necessary precondition for carrying out certain types of interest representation activities. The Agreement also sets out a code of conduct which contains the ethical rules and principles to be observed by interest representatives that sign up to the transparency register.
60 Article 223(2) TFEU; Article 15(5) and (6) TEU for the President of the European Council; Article 245 TFEU for the Members of the Commission; Article 6 of Protocol No. 3 on the Statute of the Court of Justice of the EU for the Members of the Court; Article 11 of Protocol No. 4 on the Statute of the European System of Central Banks and the European Central Bank; Article 286 TFEU for the Members of the Court of Auditors.
61 As for Commissioners, the Code of Conduct for the Members of the Commission (C(2018)700, OJ C 65, 21.2.2018, p. 7) clarifies their obligations deriving from the Treaties, in particular as regards the principle of independence, possible conflicts of interests and their obligation to discharge their duties in the general interest of the Union. An Independent Ethical Committee advises the Commission on the compatibility with the Treaties of former Commissioners envisaged post-office activities and any ethical question related to the Code. According to Article 245 TFEU, if obligations are breached, the Court of Justice may, on application by the Council or the Commission, rule that the Member concerned be compulsorily retired or deprived of a pension or other benefits in its stead.
62Following from Article 21 of the Treaty on the European Union, respect for the rule of law and the universality and indivisibility of human rights and fundamental freedoms are founding values of the EU and fundamental principles guiding the EU’s action in its external relations.
63 For example: OECD Network on Governance (GovNet) and Anti-Corruption Task Team (ACTT), Summit for Democracy Cohorts, IFIs and multilateral organizations, EU Member State and Team Europe initiatives.
64 See Council Decision (CFSP) 2021/1277 of 30 July 2021 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Lebanon and Council Regulation (EU) 2021/1275 of 30 July 2021 concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Lebanon. See also Council Decision (CFSP) 2023/891 of 28 April 2023 concerning restrictive measures in view of actions destabilising the Republic of Moldova and Council Regulation (EU) 2023/888 of 28 April 2023 concerning restrictive measures in view of actions destabilising the Republic of Moldova.
65 The Union has adopted thematic restrictive measures to tackle serious human rights violations and abuses, combat terrorism, the proliferation and use of chemical weapons, and cyber attacks threatening the Union or its Member States, see for example EU Sanctions Map available at https://www.sanctionsmap.eu .
662 February 2023, Analytical reports on Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia (europa.eu).
67 The dashboard will report on the Key Performance Indicators to allow comparisons between countries. The final version of the e-platform will be available to the Commission from June 2023.
68 In the implementation of external funds, corruption is among the grounds under which all co-financing agreements signed with partner countries can be suspended or terminated.
69Evaluation of the European Union support to rule of law and anticorruption in partner countries (2010-2021) - Publications Office of the EU (europa.eu)
70COM(2020) 793 final.
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