Annexes to COM(2025)60 - Research and Training Programme of Euratom for the period 2026-2027 complementing Horizon Europe - the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation - Main contents
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This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.
| dossier | COM(2025)60 - Research and Training Programme of Euratom for the period 2026-2027 complementing Horizon Europe - the Framework Programme ... |
|---|---|
| document | COM(2025)60 |
| date | February 28, 2025 |
1.4. The proposal/initiative relates to:
a new action
a new action following a pilot project/preparatory action0
the extension of an existing action
a merger or redirection of one or more actions towards another/a new action
1.5. Grounds for the proposal/initiative
1.5.1. Requirement(s) to be met in the short or long term including a detailed timeline for roll-out of the implementation of the initiative
The use of power and non-power applications of nuclear energy requires a continuous effort to reduce safety and security risks and to support the development of safe and secure nuclear technologies and optimal radiation protection. The growing number of different applications of ionising radiation means that people and the environment need to be protected against unnecessary exposure to radiation. Ionising radiation technologies are used every day in Europe in a number of fields, such as health, industry and research, and they provide significant benefits to the EU’s population and economy.
Public and private research in Member States can contribute significantly to providing those benefits, and the task of Euratom is to complement national efforts by carrying out a Community-based research and training programme.
Euratom-supported research should help Member States and industry to meet the requirements of the Euratom Treaty and of Euratom directives on nuclear safety, basic safety standards and the management of radioactive waste. It should also support the Euratom safeguards requirements from Chapter 7 of the Euratom Treaty and related regulation.
To be in line with the duration of Horizon Europe and the MFF, the proposed Programme will be implemented in line with Article 7 of the Euratom Treaty for 2 years (from the beginning of 2026 until the end of 2027).
The proposed Programme will continue the 2021-2025 Programme’s key research activities of nuclear safety, security and safeguards, waste management and radiation protection, and fusion energy.
1.5.2. Added value of Union involvement (it may result from different factors, e.g. coordination gains, legal certainty, greater effectiveness or complementarities). For the purposes of this point 'added value of Union involvement' is the value resulting from Union intervention, which is additional to the value that would have been otherwise created by Member States alone.
Through cooperative research, the Programme enables an EU-wide approach to both: (i) the improvement of nuclear safety and radiation protection in all areas of application; and (ii) the challenge of developing fusion as an energy source. The Programme significantly increases the EU’s ability to mobilise a wider pool of excellence, expertise and multidisciplinarity in nuclear research, achieving impacts that extend far beyond what could have been achieved at national or regional level. This is of particular benefit to smaller Member States, which are able to take advantage of the economies of scale afforded by the Europe-wide pooling effect and open access to JRC facilities.
Through the JRC, the Programme provides valuable independent scientific advice to support the implementation of EU policies in the field of nuclear safety, radioactive waste management, radiation protection, nuclear security, safeguards and non-proliferation. The JRC’s unique infrastructure and laboratories allow it to play a crucial role in advancing nuclear research and offering unique training opportunities in the EU.
1.5.3. Lessons learned from similar experiences in the past
The findings of the ex post evaluation of the 2014-2020 Euratom Programme and the interim evaluation of the 2021-2025 Programme were taken into account when preparing this proposal.
1.5.4. Compatibility with the Multiannual Financial Framework and possible synergies with other appropriate instruments
The Programme’s budget was already set in the 2021-2027 MFF.
Synergies with other EU programmes (in particular, Horizon Europe) are provided for in Article 10 of the proposed regulation. Annex IV to the Horizon Europe Regulation contains provisions that promote synergies with the Euratom Programme and focus on education and training actions and on joint research for cross-cutting aspects of the safe and secure use of non-power applications of ionising radiation in sectors such as medicine, industry, agriculture, space, climate change, security and emergency preparedness, and the contribution of nuclear science.
1.5.5. Assessment of the different available financing options, including scope for redeployment
Additional funding could come from the association of third countries with the Euratom Programme. The Commission is also considering applying Article 15(3) of the Financial Regulation (the re-use of decommitments) to the 2014-2020 Euratom Programme’s funds that were committed to InnovFin (InvestEU’s predecessor) and that could not be used by the EIB due to a lack of bankable proposals. Recuperation of the EUR 20 million (equivalent to 8% of the current 2021-2025 Programme’s fission budget), would allow Euratom to make an impact on new challenges in the nuclear field.
1.6. Duration and financial impact of the proposal/initiative
limited duration
- in effect from 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2027
- Financial impact from 2026 to 2027 for commitment appropriations and from 2026 to 2030 for payment appropriations.
unlimited duration
- implementation with a start-up period from YYYY to YYYY,
- followed by full-scale operation.
1.7. Method(s) of budget implementation planned0
Direct management by the Commission
- by its departments, including by its staff in the Union delegations;
- by the executive agencies.
Shared management with the Member States
Indirect management by entrusting budget implementation tasks to:
- third countries or the bodies they have designated;
- international organisations and their agencies (to be specified);
- the EIB and the European Investment Fund;
- bodies referred to in Articles 70 and 71 of the Financial Regulation;
- public law bodies;
- bodies governed by private law with a public service mission to the extent that they are provided with adequate financial guarantees;
- bodies governed by the private law of a Member State that are entrusted with the implementation of a public-private partnership and that are provided with adequate financial guarantees;
- bodies or persons entrusted with the implementation of specific actions in the CFSP pursuant to Title V of the TEU, and identified in the relevant basic act.
- If more than one management mode is indicated, please provide details in the ‘Comments’ section.
Comments
The Commission will implement the Programme through direct management and indirect management by European Partnerships (see Article 6(1) of the proposal). Some of the Euratom co-funded partnerships will implement funding through cascading calls for proposals.
2. MANAGEMENT MEASURES
2.1. Monitoring and reporting rules
Specify frequency and conditions.
All data on the management processes (applications, success rates, time to grant, type of beneficiaries, etc.) will be collected and stored, and made available in real time via a dedicated database.
Reports will provide information on management processes and, progressively, information on outputs and results. A joint final evaluation of this Programme and the 2021-2025 Programme will be conducted
Short-, medium- and long-term indicators have been set on the basis of a number of impact pathways. Reporting rules for participants have been designed with those indicators in mind while, at the same time, limiting the administrative burden on participants. Wherever possible, data will be collected from open sources.
In addition, the JRC’s direct actions are assessed both internally, by means of internal monitoring and assessment of the research impact, and externally, by a panel of top-level experts selected in consultation with the JRC’s Board of Governors.
2.2. Management and control system(s)
2.2.1. Justification of the management mode(s), the funding implementation mechanism(s), the payment modalities and the control strategy proposed
The Euratom Programme will be implemented in direct management mode. However, the Commission may decide, where appropriate and effective, to implement the Euratom activities through shared and/or indirect management (through European Partnerships).
The control strategy will be based on:
- procedures for selecting the best projects and translating them into legal instruments;
- project and contract management throughout the lifetime of every project;
- ex ante checks on all claims;
- certificates on the financial statements above a certain threshold;
- ex post audits on a sample of paid claims;
- scientific evaluation of project results.
The audits of Horizon 2020 (including the Euratom Programme) indicate that error rates have remained well within the expected range (see Section 2.2.2). This demonstrates that, even if there is still scope for further improvement, the simplification measures already introduced have been effective.
2.2.2. Information concerning the risks identified and the internal control system(s) set up to mitigate them
The basic funding model to date consisted in the reimbursement of eligible costs. As the European Court of Auditors has consistently pointed out, most recently in its 2016 annual report, ‘the principal risk to the regularity of transactions is that beneficiaries declare ineligible costs which are neither detected nor corrected before reimbursement. This risk is particularly high for the Seventh Framework Programme and, by analogy, the Euratom Programme, which has complex eligibility rules that are often misinterpreted by beneficiaries (especially those less familiar with the rules, such as SMEs, first-time participants and non-EU entities)’.
The Court recognised the value of the simplifications introduced in Horizon 2020 (and thus also for the 2014-2020 Euratom Programme). In its 2016 annual report, it did, however, recommend the wider use of simplified cost options (SCOs). Such SCOs are already used in parts of the Programme, or for specific types of expenditure.
For grants, the estimated representative rate of error for the Seventh Framework Programme (including Euratom) was 5%, with a ‘residual’ error rate of around 3%, after taking account of all recoveries and corrections that have been or will be implemented. However, the error rates were lower in those parts of the programme where it was possible to use SCOs more widely and/or where a small and stable group of beneficiaries was involved.
The results of Horizon 2020 (including the Euratom Programme) suggest a representative error rate of around 3%, with a residual error rate of less than 2.5%. Note, however, that this is an early estimate which should be used with care, and that it is likely to rise, perhaps to around 3-4%. (The level of error anticipated by the Commission for its Horizon 2020 and 2014-2018 Euratom proposal was 3.5%, although this did not take account of the various further complexities added during the legislative process). The residual error rate should remain some way below 3%, although it is too early to say whether a rate of 2% will be attained.
Some errors arise because beneficiaries did not understand the rules. Such errors can be addressed by simplification, although some complexity will always remain. Other errors arise because beneficiaries did not follow the rules. Although this happens only in a minority of cases, it will not be resolved by simplifying the current rules.
An analysis of error rates carried out for Horizon 2020 (including the Euratom Programme) and the audits performed so far provide the following information.
- Around 69% of the errors relate to the charging of personnel costs. Recurring problems identified are the incorrect calculation of productive hours; incorrect rates or incorrect number of hours charged.
- Around 21% of the errors relate to other direct costs (not personnel). The most frequent error identified is the lack of direct measurement of costs.
- Around 8% of the errors relate to subcontracting costs and 24% to travel costs.
The errors identified during audits of Horizon 2020 and the Euratom Programme show that some of them could have been avoided through simplifications and avoiding unnecessary formalism in the rules. Improvements had been introduced under Horizon 2020 and in Horizon Europe and the 2021-2025 Euratom Programme (new rules for internal invoicing and additional remuneration, for example). However, the impact of these changes on the error rate is yet unknown.
The wider use of SCOs, such as flat rates and unit costs, as well as the continuing simplification of the rules, will help to lower the future error rate, estimated at 3-4% on a representative basis. However, the underlying problem of errors in a funding method based on the reimbursement of eligible costs remains. In such a system, the representative error rate might be reduced to 2.5-3.5%, with the residual error rate, after corrections, expected to be around (but not necessarily below) 2%.
Horizon Europe saw a broader introduction of lump sum funding. This allows for a payment on delivery of a satisfactory scientific deliverable. No additional justification for this payment, such as invoices, timesheets, proofs of payment, etc., are required. Therefore, there are no financial errors.
The Euratom Programme proposal allows the Commission to use the lump sum funding model in 2026-2027. This will be evaluated, in particular to see if it allows all the objectives of the Programme (not just the lowering of the error rate) to be achieved. The payment of lump sums would shift the risks to other stages of the internal control system, making evaluation and the assessment of the deliverable more important.
The number of transactions involved means that a high level of systematic ex ante control would be very expensive. The current control strategy therefore relies on risk-based ex ante and ex post controls to assess the level of error and to detect and recover ineligible amounts. As the error rates have remained within the range established, this control strategy is considered to be effective. Radical change is not proposed, but some aspects will be developed further, for example, systems and processes audit will be included.
2.2.3. Estimation and justification of the cost-effectiveness of the controls (ratio of "control costs ÷ value of the related funds managed"), and assessment of the expected levels of risk of error (at payment & at closure)
The costs of the control system (evaluation, selection, project management, ex ante and ex post control) are estimated at 3-4% across the Commission departments responsible for implementing the previous Framework Programmes for 2017 (including the costs for managing the Seventh Framework Programme and Horizon 2020). This is considered reasonable in the light of the efforts needed to ensure that objectives are achieved and the number of transactions.
The expected risk of error at payment for grants with a funding model based on the reimbursement of eligible costs is 2.5-3.5%. The risk of error at closure (after controls and corrections) is around – but not necessarily below – 2%. The expected risk of error for grants with a funding model based on lump sum funding is close to 0% (at payment and at closure). The overall expectation for error rates will depend on the balance between the two funding methods (reimbursement of eligible costs and lump sums). The Commission aims to apply the lump sum funding model where appropriate. However, the main reason for adopting lump sum funding will not be to reduce the error rate, but rather to achieve all the Programme’s objectives. This scenario assumes that the simplification measures are not subject to substantial modifications in the decision-making process.
Note: this section concerns only the grant management process. For administrative and operational expenditure implemented through public procurement processes the risk of error at payment and closure should be below 2%.
2.3. Measures to prevent fraud and irregularities
Specify existing or envisaged prevention and protection measures, e.g. from the Anti-Fraud Strategy.
The contribution agreements resulting from this regulation that will be concluded with third parties will provide for supervision and financial control by the Commission or any representative authorised by it, together with audits by the Court of Auditors or OLAF, carried out – on the spot, if necessary – at the EU’s discretion.
3. ESTIMATED FINANCIAL IMPACT OF THE PROPOSAL/INITIATIVE
3.1. Heading(s) of the multiannual financial framework and expenditure budget line(s) affected
- Existing budget lines
| Heading of multiannual financial framework | Budget line | Type of expenditure | Contribution | |||
| Number | Diff./Non-diff.0 | from EFTA countries0 | from candidate countries and potential candidates0 | from other third countries | other assigned revenue | |
| H1 | 01 01 02 Support expenditure for “Euratom Research and Training Programme” 01 01 02 01 Expenditure related to officials and temporary staff implementing “Euratom Research and Training Programme” — Indirect research. 01 01 02 02 External personnel implementing “Euratom Research and Training Programme” — Indirect research. 01 01 02 03 Other management expenditure for “Euratom Research and Training Programme” — Indirect research. 01.010211 Expenditure related to officials and temporary staff implementing the Euratom Research and Training Programme — Direct research 01.010212 External personnel implementing the Euratom Research and Training Programme — Direct research 01.010213 Other management expenditure the Euratom Euratom Research and Training Programme — Direct research 01 03 Horizon Euratom operational budget 01 03 01 Fusion Research and development (indirect actions) 01 03 02 Nuclear Fission, safety and radiation protection (indirect actions) 01.0303 Nuclear direct actions of the Joint Research Centre | Non-diff. Non-diff. Non-diff. Non-diff. Non-diff. Non-diff. Diff. | NO | YES | YES | NO |
| Heading of multiannual financial framework | Budget line | Type of expenditure | Contribution | |||
| Number | Diff./Non-diff. | from EFTA countries | from candidate countries and potential candidates | fromother third countries | other assigned revenue | |
3.2. Estimated financial impact of the proposal on appropriations
3.2.1. Summary of estimated impact on operational appropriations
- The proposal/initiative does not require the use of operational appropriations
- The proposal/initiative requires the use of operational appropriations, as explained below:
3.2.1.1. Appropriations from voted budget
EUR million (to three decimal places)
| Heading of multiannual financial framework | 1 | Single market, Innovation and Digital |
| DG: RTD | Year 2026 | Year 2027 | Post-2027 | TOTAL | ||
| Operational appropriations | ||||||
| 01 03 01 Fusion Research and development | Commitments | (1a) | 116.037 | 122.196 | 238.233 | |
| Payments | (2a) | 46.414 | 49.478 | 142.341 | 238.233 | |
| 01 03 02 Nuclear Fission, safety and radiation protection (indirect actions) | Commitments | (1b) | 52.998 | 55.811 | 108.809 | |
| Payments | (2b) | 21.199 | 22.924 | 64.686 | 108.809 | |
| Appropriations of an administrative nature financed from the envelope of specific programmes0 | ||||||
| 01 01 02 01 Expenditure related to officials and temporary staff implementing "Euratom Research and Training Programme" — Indirect research | Commitments = Payments | (3a) | 8.223 | 8.523 | 16.746 | |
| 01 01 02 02 External personnel implementing "Euratom Research and Training Programme" — Indirect research | Commitments = Payments | (3b) | 0.348 | 0.361 | 0.708 | |
| 01 01 02 03 Other management expenditure for "Euratom Research and Training Programme" — Indirect research | Commitments = Payments | (3c) | 1.658 | 1.718 | 3.376 | |
| TOTAL appropriations for DG RTD | Commitments | =1a+1b +3a+3b+3c | 179.263 | 188.609 | 367.872 | |
| Payments | =2a+2b+3a+3b+3c | 77.841 | 83.004 | 207.027 | 367.872 | |
| DG: JRC | Year 2026 | Year 2027 | Post-2027 (see point 1.6) | TOTAL | ||
| Operational appropriations | ||||||
| 01.0303 Nuclear direct actions of the Joint Research Centre | Commitments | (1a) | 12.500 | 12.500 | 25.000 | |
| Payments | (2a) | 3.700 | 9.700 | 11.600 | 25.000 | |
| Appropriations of an administrative nature financed from the envelope of specific programmes0 | ||||||
| 01 01 02 11 Expenditure related to officials and temporary staff implementing the Euratom Research and Training Programme — Direct research | Commitments = Payments | (3a) | 56.277 | 57.277 | 113.554 | |
| 01 01 02 12 External personnel implementing the Euratom Research and Training Programme — Direct research | Commitments = Payments | (3b) | 10.455 | 10.455 | 20.910 | |
| 01 01 02 13 Other management expenditure for the Euratom Research and Training Programme — Direct research | Commitments = Payments | (3c) | 35.314 | 35.697 | 71.011 | |
| TOTAL appropriations for DG JRC | Commitments | =1a+3a+3b+3c | 114.546 | 115.929 | 230.475 | |
| Payments | =2a+3a+3b+3c | 105.746 | 113.129 | 11.600 | 230.475 |
| TOTAL operational appropriations | Commitments | (4) | 181.534 | 190.507 | 0 | 372.041 |
| Payments | (5) | 71.313 | 82.102 | 218.627 | 372.041 | |
| TOTAL appropriations of an administrative nature financed from the envelope for specific programmes | Commitments = Payments | (6) | 112.275 | 114.031 | 226.306 | |
| TOTAL appropriations under HEADING 1 of the multiannual financial framework | Commitments | =4+ 6 | 293.809 | 304.538 | 598.347 | |
| Payments | =5+ 6 | 183.588 | 196.133 | 218.627 | 598.347 |
| Heading of multiannual financial framework | 7 | ‘Administrative expenditure’ |
EUR million (to three decimal places)
| Year 2026 | Year 2027 | Post 2027 (see point 1.6) | TOTAL | |||||
| DG: <…….> | ||||||||
| Human resources | ||||||||
| Other administrative expenditure | ||||||||
| TOTAL DG <…….> | Appropriations |
| TOTAL appropriations under HEADING 7 of the multiannual financial framework | (Total commitments = Total payments) |
EUR million (to three decimal places)
| Year 2026 | Year 2027 | Post 2027Enter as many years as necessary to show the duration of the impact (see point 1.6) | TOTAL | ||||
| TOTAL appropriations under HEADINGS 1 to 7 of the multiannual financial framework | Commitments | ||||||
| Payments |
3.2.2. Estimated output funded with operational appropriations
Commitment appropriations in EUR million (to three decimal places)
| Indicate objectives and outputs | Year N | Year N+1 | Year N+2 | Year N+3 | Enter as many years as necessary to show the duration of the impact (see point 1.6) | TOTAL | ||||||||||||
| OUTPUTS | ||||||||||||||||||
| Type0 | Average cost | No | Cost | No | Cost | No | Cost | No | Cost | No | Cost | No | Cost | No | Cost | Total No | Total cost | |
| SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE No 10… | ||||||||||||||||||
| - Output | ||||||||||||||||||
| - Output | ||||||||||||||||||
| - Output | ||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal for specific objective No 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
| SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE No 2 ... | ||||||||||||||||||
| - Output | ||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal for specific objective No 2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| TOTALS |
3.2.3. Summary of estimated impact on administrative appropriations
- The proposal/initiative does not require the use of appropriations of an administrative nature
- The proposal/initiative requires the use of appropriations of an administrative nature, as explained below:
EUR million (to three decimal places)
| Year 2026 | Year 2027 | TOTAL | ||
| HEADING 7 of the multiannual financial framework | ||||
| Human resources | ||||
| Other administrative expenditure | ||||
| Subtotal HEADING 7 of the multiannual financial framework | ||||
| Outside HEADING 7 of the multiannual financial framework | Year 2026 | Year 2027 | TOTAL | |
| Human resources | 75.303 | 76.616 | 151.918 | |
| Other expenditure of an administrative nature | 36.972 | 37.415 | 74.387 | |
| Subtotal outside HEADING 7 of the multiannual financial framework | 112.275 | 114.031 | 226.305 |
| TOTAL | 112.275 | 114.031 | 226.305 |
The appropriations required for human resources and other expenditure of an administrative nature will be met by appropriations from the DG that are already assigned to management of the action and/or have been redeployed within the DG, together if necessary with any additional allocation which may be granted to the managing DG under the annual allocation procedure and in the light of budgetary constraints.
3.2.3.1. Estimated requirements of human resources
- The proposal/initiative does not require the use of human resources.
- The proposal/initiative requires the use of human resources, as explained below:
Estimate to be expressed in full time equivalent units
| Year 2026 | Year 2027 | ||
| Establishment plan posts (officials and temporary staff) | |||
| 20 01 02 01 (Headquarters and Commission’s Representation Offices) | |||
| 20 01 02 03 (Delegations) | |||
| 01 01 02 01 (Indirect research) | 47 | 47 | |
| 01 01 02 11 (Direct research) | 396 | 390 | |
| Other budget lines (specify) | |||
| External staff (in Full Time Equivalent unit: FTE)0 | |||
| 20 02 01 (AC, END, INT from the ‘global envelope’) | 0 | 0 | |
| 20 02 03 (AC, AL, END, INT and JPD in the delegations) | 0 | 0 | |
| XX 01 xx yy zz 0 | - at Headquarters | ||
| - in Delegations | |||
| 01 01 02 02 (AC, END, INT - Indirect research) | 4 | 4 | |
| 01 01 02 12 (AC, END, INT - Direct research) | 153 | 138 | |
| Other budget lines (specify) | |||
| TOTAL | 600 | 579 |
The human resources required will be met by staff from the DG who are already assigned to management of the action and/or have been redeployed within the DG, together if necessary with any additional allocation which may be granted to the managing DG under the annual allocation procedure and in the light of budgetary constraints.
Description of tasks to be carried out:
| Officials and temporary staff | Tasks derived for the management and implementing the specific Euratom Research and Training Programme who occupy posts on the authorised establishment plans and are engaged in indirect and direct research actions. |
| External staff | Tasks of external personnel implementing the specific Euratom Research and Training Programme, in the form of direct and indirect research actions |
3.2.4. Compatibility with the current multiannual financial framework
The proposal/initiative:
- can be fully financed through redeployment within the relevant heading of the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF).
- requires use of the unallocated margin under the relevant heading of the MFF and/or use of the special instruments as defined in the MFF Regulation.
- requires a revision of the MFF.
3.2.5. Third-party contributions
The proposal/initiative:
- does not provide for co-financing by third parties
- provides for the co-financing by third parties estimated below:
Appropriations in EUR million (to three decimal places)
| 2026 | 2027 | Total | |
| Specify the co-financing body | |||
| TOTAL appropriations co-financed | p.m. | p.m. | p.m. |
3.3. Estimated impact on revenue
- The proposal/initiative has no financial impact on revenue.
- The proposal/initiative has the following financial impact:
on own resources
on other revenue
please indicate, if the revenue is assigned to expenditure lines ◻
EUR million (to three decimal places)
| Budget revenue line: | Appropriations available for the current financial year | Impact of the proposal/initiative0 | |
| 2026 | 2027 | ||
| Item 6011 Item 6012 Item 6013 Item 6031 | p.m | p.m. | p.m. |
For assigned revenue, specify the budget expenditure line(s) affected.
01 03XX Appropriations accruing from contributions from third parties
Other remarks (e.g. method/formula used for calculating the impact on revenue or any other information).
Third countries may contribute to the programme through association agreements. The conditions determining the level of financial contribution will be laid down in association agreements with each country and shall ensure an automatic correction of any significant imbalance compared to the amount that entities established in the associated country receive through participation in the programme, taking into account the costs in managing the programme.
4. Digital dimensions
4.1. Requirements of digital relevance
This Regulation does not include additional requirements of digital relevance. Provisions under Regulation (EU) 2021/695 apply and include requirements of digital relevance in terms of data collection, transmission and storage and exchanges of information.
4.2. Data
This Regulation does not include additional requirements of digital relevance for the collection, processing, generation, exchange or sharing of data. Provisions under Regulation (EU) 2021/695 apply.
4.3. Digital solutions
This Regulation does not include additional requirements of digital relevance that mandate a digital solution. Provisions under Regulation (EU) 2021/695 apply.
4.4. Interoperability assessment
This Regulation does not include additional requirements of digital relevance that concern digital public services. Provisions under Regulation (EU) 2021/695 apply.
4.5. Measures to support digital implementation
This Regulation does not include additional requirements of digital relevance that need specific implementation measures. Provisions under Regulation (EU) 2021/695 apply.
1Council Regulation (Euratom) 2021/765 of 10 May 2021 establishing the Research and Training Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community for the period 2021-2025 complementing Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation and repealing Regulation (Euratom) 2018/1563 (OJ L 167I, 12.05.2021, p. 81, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/765/oj).
2Euratom Programmes are of a shorter duration than other spending programmes under the TFEU, as Article 7 of the Euratom Treaty limits these programmes to 5 years.
3Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2093 of 17 December 2020 laying down the multiannual financial framework for the years 2021 to 2027 (OJ L 433I, 22.12.2020, p. 11, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2020/2093/oj).
4These include nuclear safety, security, radioactive waste and spent fuel management, radiation protection and fusion energy.
5See also ‘Legal basis’ and ‘Choice of instrument’ under Section 2.
6Priorities for European nuclear research & training: An STC Opinion (STC-2023-16 FINAL, 20.10.2023). https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/document/download/8908a4d4-ad88-465f-9c9b-bbbf0e7174cc_en?filename=priorities-for%20european-nuclear-research.pdf.
7Regulation (EU) 2021/695 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1290/2013 and (EU) No 1291/2013 (OJ L 170, 12.5.2021, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/695/oj).
8See Articles 9, 7 and 6(3) of this proposal and Article 10 and Annex III of Regulation (EU) 2021/695.
9See Article 10(2) of this proposal and Article 15 of Regulation (EU) 2021/695.
10Regulation (EU) 2024/1735 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 on establishing a framework of measures for strengthening Europe’s net-zero technology manufacturing ecosystem and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1724 (OJ L, 2024/1735, 28.6.2024, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/1735/oj).
11References to the Treaty are to the consolidated version. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016A/TXT-20240901
12Council Directive 2009/71/Euratom of 25 June 2009 establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations (OJ L 172, 2.7.2009, p. 18, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2009/71/oj).
13Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom of 19 July 2011 establishing a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste (OJ L 199, 2.8.2011, p. 48, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2011/70/oj).
14Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation, and repealing Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom, 97/43/Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom (OJ L 13, 17.1.2014, p. 1).
15Council Regulation (Euratom) 2021/948 of 27 May 2021 establishing a European Instrument for International Nuclear Safety Cooperation complementing the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument – Global Europe on the basis of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, and repealing Regulation (Euratom) No 237/2014 (OJ L 209, 14.06.2021, p. 79, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2013/59/oj).
16Regulation (EU) 2021/947 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 June 2021 establishing the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation Instrument – Global Europe, amending and repealing Decision No 466/2014/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Regulation (EU) 2017/1601 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 480/2009 (OJ L 209, 14.06.2021, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/947/oj).
1Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Ex-post evaluation of the Euratom Research and Training Programme 2014-2020 (COM(2024) 549 final, 28.11.2024).
2Established by Council Regulation (Euratom) No 1314/2013 of 16 December 2013 on the Research and Training Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (2014-2018) complementing the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (OJ L 347, 20.12.2013, p. 948, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/1314/oj) and Council Regulation (Euratom) 2018/1563 of 15 October 2018 on the Research and Training Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (2019-2020) complementing the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, and repealing Regulation (Euratom) No 1314/2013 (OJ L 262, 19.10.2018, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1563/oj).
3Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Interim evaluation of the Euratom Research and Training Programme 2021-2025 (COM(2025) NNN, DD.MM.2025).
4Commission Expert Group E03929.
5Council Decision of 16 December 1980 setting up a Consultative Committee for the Fusion Programme (not published in the Official Journal).
6https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/14180-Euratom-research-and-training-programme-for-2026-2027_en
7STC-2023-16 FINAL, 20.10.2023.
8COM(2025) NNN.
9Ibid.
10Interim evaluation of the implementation of the Council Decision (Euratom) 2021/281 of 22 February 2021 amending Decision 2007/198/Euratom establishing the European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy and conferring advantages upon it (COM(2025)NNN, DD.MM.2025).
11European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Capisani, L., Camus, C. and Papadopoulou, M., Fostering fusion innovation – High-Level European Round Table, Capisani, L.(editor), Camus, C.(editor) and Papadopoulou, M.(editor), Publications Office of the European Union, 2024, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/621539.
12The EU blueprint for fusion energy: https://energy.ec.europa.eu/events/eu-blueprint-fusion-energy-2024-04-23_en
13European Commission: Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, Rossetti di Valdalbero, D. and Janatkova, K., Euratom research in action and opportunities for Europe – EU strategic autonomy and the future energy systems – EU Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) Declaration, Publications Office of the European Union, 2023, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2777/911262.
14SWD(2018) 307 final.
1The 2019-2020 Euratom Programme (the ‘extension’ of the 2014-2018 Programme) included a similar provision. See point (i) ‘European fusion programme’ in the subsection ‘Indirect actions’ under the section ‘Activities necessary to achieve the programme objectives’ in Annex I to Council Regulation (Euratom) 2018/1563 of 15 October 2018 on the Research and Training Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community (2019-2020) complementing the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, and repealing Regulation (Euratom) No 1314/2013 (OJ L 262, 19.10.2018, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2018/1563/oj).
2Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2020/2093 of 17 December 2020 laying down the multiannual financial framework for the years 2021 to 2027 (OJ L 433I, 22.12.2020, p. 11, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2020/2093/oj).
3Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Interim evaluation of the Euratom Research and Training Programme 2021-2025 (COM(2025) NNN, DD.MM.2025).
4Council Directive 2011/70/Euratom of 19 July 2011 establishing a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste (OJ L 199, 2.8.2011, p. 48, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2011/70/oj).
5Council Decision 2007/198/Euratom of 27 March 2007 establishing the European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy and conferring advantages upon it (OJ L 90, 30.3.2007, p. 58, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dec/2007/198/oj).
6Regulation (EU) 2021/695 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 April 2021 establishing Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, laying down its rules for participation and dissemination, and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1290/2013 and (EU) No 1291/2013 (OJ L 170, 12.5.2021, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/695/oj).
7OJ L 433I, 22.12.2020, p. 28, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_interinstit/2020/1222/oj.
8Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2024/2509 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 September 2024 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union (recast) (OJ L, 2024/2509, 26.9.2024, ELI: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2024/2509/oj).
9Regulation (EU) No 1291/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2013 establishing Horizon 2020 – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (2014-2020) and repealing Decision No 1982/2006/EC (OJ L 347, 20.12.2013, p. 104, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/1291/oj).
10Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 883/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 September 2013 concerning investigations conducted by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1073/1999 of the European Parliament and of the Council and Council Regulation (Euratom) No 1074/1999 (OJ L 248, 18.9.2013, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2013/883/oj).
11Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 2988/95 of 18 December 1995 on the protection of the European Communities financial interests (OJ L 312, 23.12.95, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1995/2988/oj).
12Council Regulation (Euratom, EC) No 2185/96 of 11 November 1996 concerning on-the-spot checks and inspections carried out by the Commission in order to protect the European Communities’ financial interests against fraud and other irregularities (OJ L 292, 15.11.1996, p. 2, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/1996/2185/oj).
13Council Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 of 12 October 2017 implementing enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the European Public Prosecutor’s Office (‘the EPPO’) (OJ L 283, 31.10.2017, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/1939/oj).
14Directive (EU) 2017/1371 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July 2017 on the fight against fraud to the Union’s financial interests by means of criminal law (OJ L 198, 28.7.2017, p. 29, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2017/1371/oj).
15Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 February 2011 laying down the rules and general principles concerning mechanisms for control by the Member States of the Commission’s exercise of implementing powers (OJ L 55, 28.2.2011, p. 13, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2011/182/oj).
16OJ L 123, 12.5.2016, p. 1, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/agree_interinstit/2016/512/oj.
17Commission Decision 96/282/Euratom of 10 April 1996 on the reorganization of the Joint Research Centre (OJ L 107, 30.4.1996, p. 12).
18Opinion of DD.MM.2025 (not yet published in the Official Journal).
19Opinion of DD.MM.2025 (not yet published in the Official Journal).
20Council Regulation (Euratom) 2021/765 of 10 May 2021 establishing the Research and Training Programme of the European Atomic Energy Community for the period 2021-2025 complementing the Horizon Europe – the Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, and repealing Regulation (Euratom) 2018/1563 (OJ L 167I, 12.5.2021, p. 81, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/765/oj).
21Regulation (EU) 2021/1060 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 June 2021 laying down common provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund Plus, the Cohesion Fund, the Just Transition Fund and the European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund and financial rules for those and for the Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund, the Internal Security Fund and the Instrument for Financial Support for Border Management and Visa Policy (OJ L 231, 30.6.2021, p. 159, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/1060/oj).
22Directive 2006/43/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on statutory audits of annual accounts and consolidated accounts, amending Council Directives 78/660/EEC and 83/349/EEC and repealing Council Directive 84/253/EEC (OJ L 157, 9.6.2006, p. 87, ELI: http://data.europa.eu/eli/dir/2006/43/oj).
0As referred to in Article 58(2)(a) or (b) of the Financial Regulation.
0Details of budget implementation methods and references to the Financial Regulation may be found on the BUDGpedia site: https://myintracomm.ec.europa.eu/corp/budget/financial-rules/budget-implementation/Pages/implementation-methods.aspx.
0Diff. = Differentiated appropriations / Non-diff. = Non-differentiated appropriations.
0EFTA: European Free Trade Association.
0Candidate countries and, where applicable, potential candidates from the Western Balkans.
0Technical and/or administrative assistance and expenditure in support of the implementation of EU programmes and/or actions (former ‘BA’ lines), indirect research, direct research.
0Technical and/or administrative assistance and expenditure in support of the implementation of EU programmes and/or actions (former ‘BA’ lines), indirect research, direct research.
0Outputs are products and services to be supplied (e.g.: number of student exchanges financed, number of km of roads built, etc.).
0As described in point 1.4.2. ‘Specific objective(s)…’
0AC= Contract Staff; AL = Local Staff; END= Seconded National Expert; INT = agency staff; JPD= Junior Professionals in Delegations.
0Sub-ceiling for external staff covered by operational appropriations (former ‘BA’ lines).
0As regards traditional own resources (customs duties, sugar levies), the amounts indicated must be net amounts, i.e. gross amounts after deduction of 20 % for collection costs.
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