Updated stability programme of Greece, 2005-2008 - Main contents

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

C 82/1

On 14 March 2006, the Council examined the updated stability programme of Greece, which covers the period 2005 to 2008.

Over the last decade, driven by robust productivity growth, real GDP growth in Greece averaged 3,5 % and was among the highest in the EU. Sustained robust growth has led to strong real convergence, accompanied by a dramatic fall in HICP inflation, which nevertheless remains well above the EU average, and by rising external imbalances. The general government deficit, in spite of high growth, remained on average well above 5 % of GDP and attained 6,6 % of GDP in 2004. Together with large below-the-line operations, it contributed to the accumulation of public debt which remained close to or above 110 % of GDP during the last ten years.

On 5 July 2004, the Council decided that Greece was in excessive deficit. On 17 February 2005, the Council decided to give notice to Greece, in accordance with Article 104(9) to correct the excessive deficit by 2006. The Commission services' autumn 2004 forecast underlying this decision expected the deficit to reach 5,5 % of GDP in 2004. In its opinion of 6 April 2005 on the March 2005 revised updated stability programme, covering the period 2004-2007, the Council invited Greece to implement permanent measures to correct the excessive deficit by 2006 at the latest, reduce the cyclically-adjusted deficit by at least 0,5 % of GDP from 2007 onward, ensure a faster debt reduction path, implement the enacted pension reforms to ensure the sustainability of public finances, and further improve the collection and processing of general government data.

The update estimates the 2005 deficit at 4,3 % of GDP (2), which compares with an estimate of 3,7 % of GDP in the Commission services' autumn forecast and in the previous update. The difference with the latter mainly reflects carry-over effects of the September 2005 revisions of 2002-2004 deficit outcomes, notably leading to a revised 2004 deficit of 6,6 % of GDP, while the Commission services' autumn 2005 forecasts included one-off revenues from an announced securitisation operation, which has not taken place.

The update was submitted on 21 December 2005, three weeks later than the deadline specified in the new Code of Conduct on the content and format of stability and convergence programmes. The new programme broadly follows the model structure and data provision requirements for stability and convergence programmes specified in the new Code of Conduct (3).

The macroeconomic scenario underlying the programme expects real GDP growth will pick up from 3,6 % in 2005 to 3,9 % on average over the rest of the programme period. Assessed against currently available information, this scenario appears to be based on favourable growth assumptions, with the projected evolution of growth in the medium term appears to be on the high side, implying a relatively high estimate of the potential output growth. The programme's projections for inflation appear realistic.

The update's budgetary strategy aims at reducing the deficit below the 3 % of GDP threshold by 2006, in compliance with the Council notice under Article 104(9), and at pursuing fiscal consolidation towards a balanced budget. The fiscal correction is frontloaded in 2006. The deficit declines from 4,3 % of GDP in 2005 to 2,6 % in 2006 and, then, to 1,7 % in 2008. The time profile for the primary surplus is similar, improving from 0,9 % of GDP to 2,8 %. The projected adjustment is achieved through both higher tax revenues and cuts in expenditures (interest payments and public consumption). One-off revenues worth 0,6 % of GDP are envisaged for 2006. The favourable macroeconomic scenario partly explains the frontloading of the adjustment in the current update when compared with the previous one.

According to the calculations of the Commission services on the basis of data in the programme and the commonly agreed methodology, the structural balance (the general government budget in cyclically-adjusted terms net of one off and other temporary measures) is projected to improve from -4,8 % of GDP in 2005 to -2,4 % of GDP in 2008, thus providing for a reduction of around 0,6 % of GDP per year. The update clearly sets a medium-term objective (MTO) for the budgetary position as meant in the Stability and Growth Pact of a balanced budget in structural terms, which the update does not envisage to achieve by 2008. As the MTO identified in the programme is more demanding than the minimum benchmark (estimated at -1,25 %), its achievement should fulfil the aim of providing a safety margin, against the occurrence of an excessive deficit. The MTO set in the programme is at an appropriate level under the current assessment as it lies within the range indicated for euro area and ERM II Member States in the Stability and Growth Pact and the code of conduct and therefore, adequately reflects the debt ratio and average potential output growth in the long term.

The budgetary outcomes could be worse than projected in the programme. There are risks associated with the favourable macroeconomic scenario and information on measures envisaged at the end of the programme is lacking. Moreover, there are still some pending statistical issues with Eurostat (the estimation of surpluses of social security funds and of local governments) which might lead to an upward revision of deficit figures until 2005, with possible carry-over effects in 2006 and beyond, while the one-offs planned for 2006 are still pending of Eurostat's classification as deficit-reducing.

Based on current information, and conditional on the risks above, Greece is broadly on track to correct its excessive deficit by the 2006 deadline set by the Council. The planned 2005 deficit seems consistent with a rigorous implementation of the 2005 budget, while the 2006 budget targets a deficit of 2,6 % of GDP. Since this includes one-off revenues worth 0,6 % of GDP, the excessive deficit would not be corrected in 2006 on a permanent basis. However, the structural correction in 2006 is above the minimum 0,6 % of GDP required by the Council. By contrast, the correction is less than 0,5 % of GDP in 2008, when Greece should still enjoy an economic situation of good times. Moreover, according to the calculations of the Commission services on the basis of data in the programme and the commonly agreed methodology the cyclically-adjusted budget balance is not expected to respect the minimum benchmark within the programme period.

The debt ratio is estimated to have reached around 108 % of GDP in 2005, far above the 60 % of GDP Treaty reference value. The programme projects the debt ratio to decline by more than eleven percentage points over the programme period, mainly driven by the projected improvement in the primary surpluses, and lower debt-increasing financial operations. The evolution of the debt ratio is likely to be less favourable than projected in the programme given (1) the risks to the budgetary targets mentioned above; (2) uncertainty about the stock-flow adjustment, which has tended to be large and predominantly debt-increasing in the past. In view of this risk assessment, the debt ratio seems to be sufficiently diminishing towards the reference value.

With regard to the sustainability of public finances (4), Greece appears to be at high risk on grounds of the projected budgetary costs of ageing populations. The debt ratio is currently the highest in the EU, and is projected to remain at very high levels throughout the projection period up to 2050. It is therefore necessary to implement rigorously the planned consolidation of public finances over the medium-term and to further strengthen the budgetary position in order to reduce risks to public finance sustainability. At the same time, the projected increase of government expenditure, notably on pensions, over the projection period is expected to put a high burden on public finances. To this end, resolutely implementing measures enacted and designing and carrying out additional structural reforms, notably on pensions, are necessary so as to reduce the risks to public finance sustainability.

The envisaged measures in the area of public finances are broadly consistent with the broad economic policy guidelines included in the integrated guidelines for the period 2005-2008. In particular, the programme is consistent with the guideline (i) to secure economic stability; (ii) to safeguard economic and fiscal sustainability, and (iii) to promote a growth-and employment-oriented and efficient allocation of resources However, actions to tackle important challenges on the pension system are postponed to a future social agreement.

The National Reform Programme of Greece, submitted on 15 October 2005 in the context of the renewed Lisbon strategy for growth and jobs, identifies the following challenges with significant implications for public finances: (i) long-term sustainability of public finances;(ii) employment and education;(iii) business environment and competition; and (iv) R&D and innovation. Its budgetary implications are fully reflected in the update. The measures in the area of public finances envisaged in the stability programme are broadly in line with the actions foreseen in the National Reform Programme. In particular, the programme outlines, among others, measures to reduce the corporate tax rate to 25 % by 2007, to fight against tax evasion, reform the property taxation, and to rationalise healthcare spending.

implement the necessary permanent measures leading to the correction of the excessive deficit by 2006 at the latest;

further pursue the reduction of the deficit in structural terms towards the MTO set in the programme, taking advantage of good economic times to reduce primary spending;

enhance the efforts to identify and control factors other than net borrowing that contribute to the change in the debt levels, in order to ensure that the debt ratio is sufficiently diminishing and approaching the reference value at a satisfactory pace;

control public pension expenditure, resolutely implement the approved pension reforms and carry out additional structural reform to ensure the long term sustainability of the public finances;

further improve the collection and processing of the general government data, notably by enhancing the mechanisms that ensure a prompt and correct supply of budgetary data, in particular on social security.