Directive 2006/66 - Batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators

Please note

This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.

Contents

  1. Current status
  2. Key information
  3. Key dates
  4. Legislative text
  5. Original proposal
  6. Sources and disclaimer
  7. Full version
  8. EU Monitor

1.

Current status

This directive is in effect from September 26, 2006 until August 17, 2025 and should have been implemented in national regulation on September 28, 2008 at the latest.

2.

Key information

official title

Directive 2006/66/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 September 2006 on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators and repealing Directive 91/157/EEC
 
Legal instrument Directive
Number legal act Directive 2006/66
Original proposal COM(2003)723 EN
CELEX number239 32006L0066

3.

Key dates

Document 06-09-2006
Publication in Official Journal 26-09-2006; OJ L 266, 26.9.2006,Special edition in Bulgarian: Chapter 13 Volume 053,Special edition in Croatian: Chapter 13 Volume 056,Special edition in Romanian: Chapter 13 Volume 053
Effect 26-09-2006; Entry into force Date pub. See Art 29
26-09-2008; Partial application See Art 28
End of validity 17-08-2025; Partial end of validity See 32023R1542 Art. 95
31-12-2025; Partial end of validity See 32023R1542 Art. 95(b)
18-08-2026; Partial end of validity See 32023R1542 Art. 95(c)
18-02-2027; Partial end of validity See 32023R1542 Art. 95(a)
30-06-2027; Repealed by 32023R1542
Transposition 28-09-2008; At the latest

4.

Legislative text

26.9.2006   

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 266/1
 

DIRECTIVE 2006/66/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL

of 6 September 2006

on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators and repealing Directive 91/157/EEC

(Text with EEA relevance)

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 175(1) thereof and Article 95(1) thereof in relation to Articles 4, 6 and 21 of this Directive,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1),

Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee (2),

Having regard to the opinion of the Committee of Regions (3),

Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty (4), in the light of the joint text approved by the Conciliation Committee on 22 June 2006,

Whereas:

 

(1)

It is desirable to harmonise national measures concerning batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators. The primary objective of this Directive is to minimise the negative impact of batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators on the environment, thus contributing to the protection, preservation and improvement of the quality of the environment. The legal base is therefore Article 175(1) of the Treaty. However, it is also appropriate to take measures at Community level on the basis of Article 95(1) of the Treaty to harmonise requirements concerning the heavy metal content and labelling of batteries and accumulators and so to ensure the smooth functioning of the internal market and avoid distortion of competition within the Community.
 

(2)

The Commission Communication of 30 July 1996 on the Review of the Community Strategy for Waste Management established guidelines for future Community waste policy. That Communication stresses the need to reduce the quantities of hazardous substances in waste and points out the potential benefits of Community-wide rules limiting the presence of such substances in products and in production processes. It further states that, where the generation of waste cannot be avoided, that waste should be reused or recovered for its material or energy.
 

(3)

The Council Resolution of 25 January 1988 on a Community action programme to combat environmental pollution by cadmium (5) stressed the limitation of the uses of cadmium to cases where suitable alternatives do not exist and the collection and recycling of batteries containing cadmium as major elements of the strategy for cadmium control in the interests of the protection of human health and the environment.
 

(4)

Council Directive 91/157/EEC of 18 March 1991 on batteries and accumulators containing certain dangerous substances (6) has brought about an approximation of Member States' laws in this field. However, the objectives of that Directive have not been fully attained. Decision No 1600/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2002 laying down the Sixth Community Environment Action Programme (7) and Directive 2002/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) (8) also underlined the need for Directive 91/157/EEC to be revised. Directive 91/157/EEC should therefore be revised and replaced in the interests of clarity.
 

(5)

In order to achieve its environmental aims, this Directive prohibits the placing on the market of certain batteries and accumulators containing mercury or cadmium. It also promotes a high level of collection and recycling of waste batteries and accumulators and improved environmental performance of all operators involved in the life cycle of batteries and accumulators, e.g. producers, distributors and end-users and, in particular, those operators directly involved in the...


More

This text has been adopted from EUR-Lex.

5.

Original proposal

 

6.

Sources and disclaimer

For further information you may want to consult the following sources that have been used to compile this dossier:

This dossier is compiled each night drawing from aforementioned sources through automated processes. We have invested a great deal in optimising the programming underlying these processes. However, we cannot guarantee the sources we draw our information from nor the resulting dossier are without fault.

 

7.

Full version

This page is also available in a full version containing the summary of legislation, de geconsolideerde versie, the legal context, de Europese rechtsgrond, other dossiers related to the dossier at hand, the related cases of the European Court of Justice and finally consultations relevant to the dossier at hand.

The full version is available for registered users of the EU Monitor by ANP and PDC Informatie Architectuur.

8.

EU Monitor

The EU Monitor enables its users to keep track of the European process of lawmaking, focusing on the relevant dossiers. It automatically signals developments in your chosen topics of interest. Apologies to unregistered users, we can no longer add new users.This service will discontinue in the near future.

  • 1. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 2. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence, July 2003.

     
  • 3. 
    General- purpose batteries are typically used in clocks, portable audio and devices, torches, toys and cameras.

     
  • 4. 
    Button cells are small round batteries or accumulators, with diameter greater than height, used for special devices such as hearing aids, watches and small portable equipment.

     
  • 5. 
    Portable rechargeable batteries are typically used in cordless and cellular phones, power tools, emergency lighting, laptops and household appliances.

     
  • 6. 
    See also EPBA's web site: www.epba-europe.org/ .

     
  • 7. 
    See also EUROBAT's web site: www.eurobat.org/ .

     
  • 8. 
    The remaining 2% comprises NiMH and other battery types.

     
  • 9. 
    OJ L 78, 26.3.1991, p. 38.

     
  • 10. 
    OJ L 1, 5.1.1999, p. 1, adapting to technical progress Council Directive 91/157/EEC on batteries and accumulators containing certain dangerous substances.

     
  • 11. 
    OJ L 264, 23.10.93, p. 51, adapting to technical progress Council Directive 91/157/EEC on batteries and accumulators containing certain dangerous substances.

     
  • 12. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence, July 2003.

     
  • 13. 
    OJ C 76, 11.03.1997, p. 1.

     
  • 14. 
    OJ L 242, 10.9.2002, p. 1.

     
  • 15. 
    See Article 8 (1) third and fourth indent of the 6EAP.

     
  • 16. 
    See Article 8(2) fourth indent of the 6EAP.

     
  • 17. 
    See Article 2 of Directive 91/157/EEC.

     
  • 18. 
    www.johannesburgsummit.org/html/ documents/summit_docs/2309_planfinal.htm in particular paragraph 21.

     
  • 19. 
    Communication from the Commission 'Towards a thematic strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste' of 27.05.2003, COM(2003) 301final.

     
  • 20. 
    Communication from the Commission 'Integrated Product Policy', COM(2003)302 final of 18.6.2003.

     
  • 21. 
    OJ L 269/34, 21.10.2000.

     
  • 22. 
    OJ L 37/24, 13.02.2003.

     
  • 23. 
    OJ L37/19 of 13.02.2003.

     
  • 24. 
    Recital 11.

     
  • 25. 
    O.J. L 269/34 of 21.10.2000

     
  • 26. 
    OJ, L 170/81, 29.6.2002.

     
  • 27. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence, July 2003.

     
  • 28. 
    See Commission Communication COM(2002)275final of 6.6.2002: 'European Governance: better lawmaking'.

     
  • 29. 
    Commission Decision of 3 May 2000 replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing a list of wastes pursuant to Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste and Council Decision 94/904/EC establishing a list of hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1(4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste, OJ L 226/3 of 06.09.2000.

     
  • 30. 
    OJ L 196 , 16.8.1967, p. 1.

     
  • 31. 
    See Global Mercury Assessment, United Nations Environmental Programme, Chemicals; Geneva, Switzerland, December 2002.

     
  • 32. 
    Inorganic mercury which is spread in the water is transformed to methylated mercury in the sediments at the bottoms. Methylated mercury easily accumulates in living organisms and becomes concentrated through the food chain via fish. Methylated mercury has chronic effects and causes damage to the brain.

     
  • 33. 
    Emission Inventory Guidebook, December 2000.

     
  • 34. 
    See press release of 5 June 2002 of the Bundeskartellamt, www.umweltbundesamt.de/
     
  • 35. 
    See Risk Assessment, Cadmium oxide / Cadmium metal; Final Draft, July 2003 ecb.jrc.it/php-pgm/
     
  • 36. 
    OJ L 224/34 of 3.9.1993.

     
  • 37. 
    Substance which should be regarded as if it is carcinogenic to man.

     
  • 38. 
    Substance which cause concern for man owing to possible mutagenic effects.

     
  • 39. 
    Substance which cause concern for human fertility / substance which cause concern for humans owing to possible developmental toxic effects.

     
  • 40. 
    Targeted Risk Assessment (TRAR) on the use of cadmium oxide in batteries, draft final report May 2003, page 67. This report states that the final contribution to the overall cadmium content is dependent on the weight distribution of the different waste components.

     
  • 41. 
    TRAR on the use of cadmium oxide in batteries, draft final report May 2003, page 28.

     
  • 42. 
    See report 'Risks to Health and the Environment related to the Use of Lead in Products'; TNO report STB-01-39 (Finals) europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/ chemicals/legislation/markrestr/studies/lead.pdf.

     
  • 43. 
    Substance known to cause developmental toxicity in humans.

     
  • 44. 
    Substance which cause concern for humans owing to possible developmental toxic effects.

     
  • 45. 
    See, Lead Industry Profile at the on-line lead fact book, Icon 2001; www.ldaint.org/factbook/ factbookch3.htm.

     
  • 46. 
    European Enviromental Agency, Environmental Signals 2002.

     
  • 47. 
    'EU focus on waste management', European Commission, DG Environment, August 1999.

     
  • 48. 
    OJ L 182/1 of 1.7.1999.

     
  • 49. 
    OJ L 332/91 of 28.12.2000.

     
  • 50. 
    Leachate is generated as a result of the expulsion of liquid from the waste due to its own weight or compaction loading ('primary leachate') and the percolation of water through a landfill ('secondary leachate'). The source of percolating water could be precipitation, irrigation, groundwater or leachate recirculated through the landfill.

     
  • 51. 
    Targeted Risk Assessment Report (TRAR), draft final report of May 2003, carried out by Belgium within the framework of Regulation 793/93/EEC.

     
  • 52. 
    The SCTEE will give its opinion to the European Commission on the overall scientific quality of the report.

     
  • 53. 
    See TRAR, draft final report of May 2003, page 133. The following assumptions are made: portable NiCd batteries account for 10-50 % of the total MSW cadmium content, the total cadmium content of MSW on dry weight basis equal 10 g/tonne, and 24.4 % of the sprnt portable nickel-cadmium batteries anre sent to incineration activities and 75.6 % to landfill activities.

     
  • 54. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for the Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003.

     
  • 55. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for the Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003.

     
  • 56. 
    TRAR, Final Draft May 2003, page 7. Furthermore, the TRAR itself also indicates the following lack of methodologies to assess certain impacts: 'neither the delayed cadmium emissions of the re-use of incineration residues not the impact of future expected increase in cadmium content of bottom ash and fly ash on the re-usability of these incineration residues have been quantified' (page 6) and 'the contamination of the groundwater compartment due to fugitive emissions of landfills have not been quantified in this TRAR since no guidance is available to perform these calculations' (page 7).

     
  • 57. 
    In the UK, for example, collected industrial NiCd batteries are disposed of in landfills (see 'Analysis of the Environmental Impacts and Financial Costs of a Possible New Directive on Batteries', ERM 2000). In Sweden all alkaline manganese and zinc carbon batteries are put in landfills after collection. In Germany approximately 30% of the portable batteries collected separately are sent to landfills.

     
  • 58. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for the Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003.

     
  • 59. 
    See: www.ebrarecycling.org/ArticlesPDF/ pressreleases/EBRApressrelease4-6.pdf.

     
  • 60. 
    Compare for example the metallic content of a zinc ore (15%) with the zinc content of batteries (20%).

     
  • 61. 
    Life Cycle Inventory of Recycling Portable Nickel-Cadmium Batteries, Rydh, C.J., Karlström, M. (2002), Resources, Conservation and Recycling, No. 34, p. 289-309.

     
  • 62. 
    Metaller, materialflöden i samhället, Naturwardsverket, rapport 4506, p. 27.

     
  • 63. 
    According to the Communication from the Commission on Impact Assessment, impact assessments should be used to identify the likely positive and negative impacts of proposed policy action, enabling informed political judgements to be made about the proposal and identifying the trade-offs in achieving competing objectives. The impact assessment should be conducted on the basis of the 'principle of proportionate analysis', i.e. the depth of the analysis must be proportionate to the significance of the likely impacts (COM(2002) 276 final.)

     
  • 64. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003.

     
  • 65. 
    TRAR on the use of cadmium oxide in batteries, draft final report May 2003.

     
  • 66. 
    This is why several Member States (Austria, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden) have already moved from a dedicated battery collection scheme (as required by Directive 91/157/EEC) to an all battery collection scheme. An all battery collection scheme has also been advocated by EPBA since 1997 with the adoption of their two step plan ("Two Steps Towards a Better Environment", EPBA November 1997).

     
  • 67. 
    Stakeholders submitted that there is no link with the annual battery sales because of the longer life span of batteries (up to 15 years) and the hoarding behaviour of consumers (consumers tend to keep their batteries at home, even after the use-phase). This calculation method is favoured by EPBA.

     
  • 68. 
    See Articles 6, fourth indent and Article 7, paragraph 1 of Directive 91/157/EC as amended.

     
  • 69. 
    'Rechargeable Battery Management and Recycling: A Green Design Educational Module', Rebecca Lankey and Francis McMichael, 1999.

     
  • 70. 
    'Life Cycle Assessment of Recycling Portable Nickel-Cadmium Batteries', Carl Johan Rydh and Magnus Karlström, 2002.

     
  • 71. 
    According to Bio Intelligence, this is the percentage of recoverable materials in NiCd batteries. (see 'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003, p. 59). EBRA's proposal is to set a minimum recycling of 70% by weight of nickel-cadmium batteries. With industry practices, it is estimated that up to 80% of the average weight of industrial NiCd batteries is recycled.

     
  • 72. 
    'Environmental assessment of vanadium redox and lead-acid batteries for stationary energy storage', C.J. Rydh, Journal of Power Sources, 80 (1999), 21-29.

     
  • 73. 
    See EBRA's position paper of 25 April 2003 submitted within the framework of the stakeholder consultation.

     
  • 74. 
    In 2002, Austria collected 44% of the annual sales at a cost of EUR 1,115EUR/tonne and Belgium collected 59% of the annual sales at a cost of EUR 3,765EUR/tonne.

     
  • 75. 
    See 'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003, page 133 in a high cost scenario with a recycling input target of at least 90%.

     
  • 76. 
    Assuming that a collection rate of 160- 200 grams per inhabitant would require an additional collection of 50.000 tonnes of portable batteries.

     
  • 77. 
    Compare with EPBA (July 2003) which estimates that a collection of 40.000 tonnes would result in a potential cost of EUR 43 million per year.

     
  • 78. 
    See 'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003.

     
  • 79. 
    See 'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003. Bio Intelligence final report of July 2003.

     
  • 80. 
    Comparing the range of the net recycling costs of EUR 0- EUR 300 per tonne with a costs of EUR 120 per tonne for landfilling, see also 'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003. Bio Intelligence final report of July 2003.

     
  • 81. 
    This principle only applies to areas which do not fall within the Communities' exclusive competence.

     
  • 82. 
    See Article 5 of the EC Treaty.

     
  • 83. 
    COM(2003) 203final of 18.6.2003.

     
  • 84. 
    COM(97)009 final.

     
  • 85. 
    Another indicator of this could be the Power Purchasing Parities (PPP).

     
  • 86. 
    In this context, the principles laid down in the Communication from the Commission on the Single Market and the Environment, COM (1999)263, have been taken into account.

     
  • 87. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 88. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 89. 
    OJ C......

     
  • 90. 
    OJ C......

     
  • 91. 
    OJ C......

     
  • 92. 
    Opinion of the European Parliament of .. .. ... (OJ C .......), common position of the Council of .. . .. (OJ C .....) and Decision of the European Parliament of .. .. .... (OJ C ......). .....

     
  • 93. 
    COM(96)399 final, 30.7.1996.

     
  • 94. 
    OJ L 78, 26.3.1991, p. 38. Directive amended by Commission Directive 98/101/EC (OJ L 1, 5.1.1999, p. 1) and adapted to technical progress by Commission Directive 93/86/EEC of 4 October 1993 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 91/157/EEC (OJ L 264, 23.10.1993,51).

     
  • 95. 
    OJ L 242, 10.9.2002, p. 1.

     
  • 96. 
    OJ L 37/24, 13.02.2003, recital 11.

     
  • 97. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 98. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 99. 
    OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23.

     
  • 100. 
    OJ L 269, 21.10.2000, p. 34.

     
  • 101. 
    OJ L 37/24 of 13.2.2003.

     
  • 102. 
    OJ L 37 13.2.2003, p.24.

     
  • 103. 
    OJ L 144, 4.6.1997, p. 19.

     
  • 104. 
    OJ L, 322 of 9.11.2002.

     
  • 105. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 106. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 107. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 108. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 109. 
    OJ L 30, 6.2.1993, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Commission Regulation 2557/2001/EC, OJ L 349, 31.12.2001, p. 1.

     
  • 110. 
    OJ L 166, 1.7.1999, p. 6. Regulation as last amended by Commission Regulation 2243/2001/EC, OJ L 303, 20.11.2001, p. 11.

     
  • 111. 
    OJ L 185, 17.7.1999, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Commission Regulation 2243/2001/EC.

     
  • 112. 
    OJ L 114, 24.04.2001, p.1.

     
  • 113. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 114. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 115. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 116. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 117. 
    OJ L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 48.

     
  • 118. 
    See also EPBA's web site: www.epba-europe.org/ .

     
  • 119. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 120. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 121. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence, July 2003.

     
  • 122. 
    General- purpose batteries are typically used in clocks, portable audio and devices, torches, toys and cameras.

     
  • 123. 
    Button cells are small round batteries or accumulators, with diameter greater than height, used for special devices such as hearing aids, watches and small portable equipment.

     
  • 124. 
    Portable rechargeable batteries are typically used in cordless and cellular phones, power tools, emergency lighting, laptops and household appliances.

     
  • 125. 
    See also EPBA's web site: www.epba-europe.org/ .

     
  • 126. 
    See also EUROBAT's web site: www.eurobat.org/ .

     
  • 127. 
    The remaining 2% comprises NiMH and other battery types.

     
  • 128. 
    OJ L 78, 26.3.1991, p. 38.

     
  • 129. 
    OJ L 1, 5.1.1999, p. 1, adapting to technical progress Council Directive 91/157/EEC on batteries and accumulators containing certain dangerous substances.

     
  • 130. 
    OJ L 264, 23.10.93, p. 51, adapting to technical progress Council Directive 91/157/EEC on batteries and accumulators containing certain dangerous substances.

     
  • 131. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence, July 2003.

     
  • 132. 
    OJ C 76, 11.03.1997, p. 1.

     
  • 133. 
    OJ L 242, 10.9.2002, p. 1.

     
  • 134. 
    See Article 8 (1) third and fourth indent of the 6EAP.

     
  • 135. 
    See Article 8(2) fourth indent of the 6EAP.

     
  • 136. 
    See Article 2 of Directive 91/157/EEC.

     
  • 137. 
    www.johannesburgsummit.org/html/ documents/summit_docs/2309_planfinal.htm in particular paragraph 21.

     
  • 138. 
    Communication from the Commission 'Towards a thematic strategy on the prevention and recycling of waste' of 27.05.2003, COM(2003) 301final.

     
  • 139. 
    Communication from the Commission 'Integrated Product Policy', COM(2003)302 final of 18.6.2003.

     
  • 140. 
    OJ L 269/34, 21.10.2000.

     
  • 141. 
    OJ L 37/24, 13.02.2003.

     
  • 142. 
    OJ L37/19 of 13.02.2003.

     
  • 143. 
    Recital 11.

     
  • 144. 
    O.J. L 269/34 of 21.10.2000

     
  • 145. 
    OJ, L 170/81, 29.6.2002.

     
  • 146. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence, July 2003.

     
  • 147. 
    See Commission Communication COM(2002)275final of 6.6.2002: 'European Governance: better lawmaking'.

     
  • 148. 
    Commission Decision of 3 May 2000 replacing Decision 94/3/EC establishing a list of wastes pursuant to Article 1(a) of Council Directive 75/442/EEC on waste and Council Decision 94/904/EC establishing a list of hazardous waste pursuant to Article 1(4) of Council Directive 91/689/EEC on hazardous waste, OJ L 226/3 of 06.09.2000.

     
  • 149. 
    OJ L 196 , 16.8.1967, p. 1.

     
  • 150. 
    See Global Mercury Assessment, United Nations Environmental Programme, Chemicals; Geneva, Switzerland, December 2002.

     
  • 151. 
    Inorganic mercury which is spread in the water is transformed to methylated mercury in the sediments at the bottoms. Methylated mercury easily accumulates in living organisms and becomes concentrated through the food chain via fish. Methylated mercury has chronic effects and causes damage to the brain.

     
  • 152. 
    Emission Inventory Guidebook, December 2000.

     
  • 153. 
    See press release of 5 June 2002 of the Bundeskartellamt, www.umweltbundesamt.de/
     
  • 154. 
    See Risk Assessment, Cadmium oxide / Cadmium metal; Final Draft, July 2003 ecb.jrc.it/php-pgm/
     
  • 155. 
    OJ L 224/34 of 3.9.1993.

     
  • 156. 
    Substance which should be regarded as if it is carcinogenic to man.

     
  • 157. 
    Substance which cause concern for man owing to possible mutagenic effects.

     
  • 158. 
    Substance which cause concern for human fertility / substance which cause concern for humans owing to possible developmental toxic effects.

     
  • 159. 
    Targeted Risk Assessment (TRAR) on the use of cadmium oxide in batteries, draft final report May 2003, page 67. This report states that the final contribution to the overall cadmium content is dependent on the weight distribution of the different waste components.

     
  • 160. 
    TRAR on the use of cadmium oxide in batteries, draft final report May 2003, page 28.

     
  • 161. 
    See report 'Risks to Health and the Environment related to the Use of Lead in Products'; TNO report STB-01-39 (Finals) europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/ chemicals/legislation/markrestr/studies/lead.pdf.

     
  • 162. 
    Substance known to cause developmental toxicity in humans.

     
  • 163. 
    Substance which cause concern for humans owing to possible developmental toxic effects.

     
  • 164. 
    See, Lead Industry Profile at the on-line lead fact book, Icon 2001; www.ldaint.org/factbook/ factbookch3.htm.

     
  • 165. 
    European Enviromental Agency, Environmental Signals 2002.

     
  • 166. 
    'EU focus on waste management', European Commission, DG Environment, August 1999.

     
  • 167. 
    OJ L 182/1 of 1.7.1999.

     
  • 168. 
    OJ L 332/91 of 28.12.2000.

     
  • 169. 
    Leachate is generated as a result of the expulsion of liquid from the waste due to its own weight or compaction loading ('primary leachate') and the percolation of water through a landfill ('secondary leachate'). The source of percolating water could be precipitation, irrigation, groundwater or leachate recirculated through the landfill.

     
  • 170. 
    Targeted Risk Assessment Report (TRAR), draft final report of May 2003, carried out by Belgium within the framework of Regulation 793/93/EEC.

     
  • 171. 
    The SCTEE will give its opinion to the European Commission on the overall scientific quality of the report.

     
  • 172. 
    See TRAR, draft final report of May 2003, page 133. The following assumptions are made: portable NiCd batteries account for 10-50 % of the total MSW cadmium content, the total cadmium content of MSW on dry weight basis equal 10 g/tonne, and 24.4 % of the sprnt portable nickel-cadmium batteries anre sent to incineration activities and 75.6 % to landfill activities.

     
  • 173. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for the Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003.

     
  • 174. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for the Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003.

     
  • 175. 
    TRAR, Final Draft May 2003, page 7. Furthermore, the TRAR itself also indicates the following lack of methodologies to assess certain impacts: 'neither the delayed cadmium emissions of the re-use of incineration residues not the impact of future expected increase in cadmium content of bottom ash and fly ash on the re-usability of these incineration residues have been quantified' (page 6) and 'the contamination of the groundwater compartment due to fugitive emissions of landfills have not been quantified in this TRAR since no guidance is available to perform these calculations' (page 7).

     
  • 176. 
    In the UK, for example, collected industrial NiCd batteries are disposed of in landfills (see 'Analysis of the Environmental Impacts and Financial Costs of a Possible New Directive on Batteries', ERM 2000). In Sweden all alkaline manganese and zinc carbon batteries are put in landfills after collection. In Germany approximately 30% of the portable batteries collected separately are sent to landfills.

     
  • 177. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for the Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003.

     
  • 178. 
    See: www.ebrarecycling.org/ArticlesPDF/ pressreleases/EBRApressrelease4-6.pdf.

     
  • 179. 
    Compare for example the metallic content of a zinc ore (15%) with the zinc content of batteries (20%).

     
  • 180. 
    Life Cycle Inventory of Recycling Portable Nickel-Cadmium Batteries, Rydh, C.J., Karlström, M. (2002), Resources, Conservation and Recycling, No. 34, p. 289-309.

     
  • 181. 
    Metaller, materialflöden i samhället, Naturwardsverket, rapport 4506, p. 27.

     
  • 182. 
    According to the Communication from the Commission on Impact Assessment, impact assessments should be used to identify the likely positive and negative impacts of proposed policy action, enabling informed political judgements to be made about the proposal and identifying the trade-offs in achieving competing objectives. The impact assessment should be conducted on the basis of the 'principle of proportionate analysis', i.e. the depth of the analysis must be proportionate to the significance of the likely impacts (COM(2002) 276 final.)

     
  • 183. 
    'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003.

     
  • 184. 
    TRAR on the use of cadmium oxide in batteries, draft final report May 2003.

     
  • 185. 
    This is why several Member States (Austria, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Belgium and Sweden) have already moved from a dedicated battery collection scheme (as required by Directive 91/157/EEC) to an all battery collection scheme. An all battery collection scheme has also been advocated by EPBA since 1997 with the adoption of their two step plan ("Two Steps Towards a Better Environment", EPBA November 1997).

     
  • 186. 
    Stakeholders submitted that there is no link with the annual battery sales because of the longer life span of batteries (up to 15 years) and the hoarding behaviour of consumers (consumers tend to keep their batteries at home, even after the use-phase). This calculation method is favoured by EPBA.

     
  • 187. 
    See Articles 6, fourth indent and Article 7, paragraph 1 of Directive 91/157/EC as amended.

     
  • 188. 
    'Rechargeable Battery Management and Recycling: A Green Design Educational Module', Rebecca Lankey and Francis McMichael, 1999.

     
  • 189. 
    'Life Cycle Assessment of Recycling Portable Nickel-Cadmium Batteries', Carl Johan Rydh and Magnus Karlström, 2002.

     
  • 190. 
    According to Bio Intelligence, this is the percentage of recoverable materials in NiCd batteries. (see 'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003, p. 59). EBRA's proposal is to set a minimum recycling of 70% by weight of nickel-cadmium batteries. With industry practices, it is estimated that up to 80% of the average weight of industrial NiCd batteries is recycled.

     
  • 191. 
    'Environmental assessment of vanadium redox and lead-acid batteries for stationary energy storage', C.J. Rydh, Journal of Power Sources, 80 (1999), 21-29.

     
  • 192. 
    See EBRA's position paper of 25 April 2003 submitted within the framework of the stakeholder consultation.

     
  • 193. 
    In 2002, Austria collected 44% of the annual sales at a cost of EUR 1,115EUR/tonne and Belgium collected 59% of the annual sales at a cost of EUR 3,765EUR/tonne.

     
  • 194. 
    See 'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003, page 133 in a high cost scenario with a recycling input target of at least 90%.

     
  • 195. 
    Assuming that a collection rate of 160- 200 grams per inhabitant would require an additional collection of 50.000 tonnes of portable batteries.

     
  • 196. 
    Compare with EPBA (July 2003) which estimates that a collection of 40.000 tonnes would result in a potential cost of EUR 43 million per year.

     
  • 197. 
    See 'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003.

     
  • 198. 
    See 'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003. Bio Intelligence final report of July 2003.

     
  • 199. 
    Comparing the range of the net recycling costs of EUR 0- EUR 300 per tonne with a costs of EUR 120 per tonne for landfilling, see also 'Impact Assessment on Selected Policy Options for Revision of the Battery Directive', Bio Intelligence 2003. Bio Intelligence final report of July 2003.

     
  • 200. 
    This principle only applies to areas which do not fall within the Communities' exclusive competence.

     
  • 201. 
    See Article 5 of the EC Treaty.

     
  • 202. 
    COM(2003) 203final of 18.6.2003.

     
  • 203. 
    COM(97)009 final.

     
  • 204. 
    Another indicator of this could be the Power Purchasing Parities (PPP).

     
  • 205. 
    In this context, the principles laid down in the Communication from the Commission on the Single Market and the Environment, COM (1999)263, have been taken into account.

     
  • 206. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 207. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 208. 
    OJ C......

     
  • 209. 
    OJ C......

     
  • 210. 
    OJ C......

     
  • 211. 
    Opinion of the European Parliament of .. .. ... (OJ C .......), common position of the Council of .. . .. (OJ C .....) and Decision of the European Parliament of .. .. .... (OJ C ......). .....

     
  • 212. 
    COM(96)399 final, 30.7.1996.

     
  • 213. 
    OJ L 78, 26.3.1991, p. 38. Directive amended by Commission Directive 98/101/EC (OJ L 1, 5.1.1999, p.

    1) and adapted to technical progress by Commission Directive 93/86/EEC of 4 October 1993 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 91/157/EEC (OJ L 264, 23.10.1993,51).

     
  • 214. 
    OJ L 242, 10.9.2002, p. 1.

     
  • 215. 
    OJ L 37/24, 13.02.2003, recital 11.

     
  • 216. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 217. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 218. 
    OJ L 184, 17.7.1999, p. 23.

     
  • 219. 
    OJ L 269, 21.10.2000, p. 34.

     
  • 220. 
    OJ L 37/24 of 13.2.2003.

     
  • 221. 
    OJ L 37 13.2.2003, p.24.

     
  • 222. 
    OJ L 144, 4.6.1997, p. 19.

     
  • 223. 
    OJ L, 322 of 9.11.2002.

     
  • 224. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 225. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 226. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 227. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 228. 
    OJ L 30, 6.2.1993, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Commission Regulation 2557/2001/EC, OJ L 349, 31.12.2001, p. 1.

     
  • 229. 
    OJ L 166, 1.7.1999, p. 6. Regulation as last amended by Commission Regulation 2243/2001/EC, OJ L 303, 20.11.2001, p. 11.

     
  • 230. 
    OJ L 185, 17.7.1999, p. 1. Regulation as last amended by Commission Regulation 2243/2001/EC.

     
  • 231. 
    OJ L 114, 24.04.2001, p.1.

     
  • 232. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 233. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 234. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 235. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 236. 
    OJ L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 48.

     
  • 237. 
    See also EPBA's web site: www.epba-europe.org/ .

     
  • 238. 
    The Freedonia Group, 'World Batteries' report, published in October 2002. EPBA estimates the growth of the battery market in tonnes at 1% per year.

     
  • 239. 
    Deze databank van de Europese Unie biedt de mogelijkheid de actuele werkzaamheden (workflow) van de Europese instellingen (Europees Parlement, Raad, ESC, Comité van de Regio's, Europese Centrale Bank, Hof van Justitie enz.) te volgen. EURlex volgt alle voorstellen (zoals wetgevende en begrotingsdossiers) en mededelingen van de Commissie, vanaf het moment dat ze aan de Raad of het Europees Parlement worden voorgelegd.
     
  • 240. 
    EUR-lex provides an overview of the proposal, amendments, citations and legality.