Implementing decision 2015/1873 - Subjecting 4-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-4, 5-dihydrooxazol-2-amine (4, 4′-DMAR) and 1-cyclohexyl-4-(1, 2-diphenylethyl)piperazine (MT-45) to control measures - Main contents

EN

Official Journal of the European Union

L 275/32

A Risk Assessment Report on the new psychoactive substance 4-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-amine (4,4′-DMAR) was drawn up in accordance with Article 6 of Decision 2005/387/JHA by a special session of the extended Scientific Committee of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), and was subsequently submitted to the Commission and to the Council on 19 September 2014.

4,4′-DMAR is a synthetic substituted oxazoline derivative. It is a derivative of aminorex and 4-methylaminorex (4-MAR), two synthetic stimulants controlled under the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances.

4,4′-DMAR has been available on the drugs market in the Union since at least December 2012 and was notified to the Early Warning System in December 2012. Nine Member States have reported detections as a result of seizures of the substance, mainly in the form of white or coloured powders and tablets, as well as biological and collected samples.

4,4′-DMAR emerged on the new psychoactive substances market as a ‘research chemical’ sold by internet retailers, and it is now available on the street market. 4,4′-DMAR is being sold and consumed as a substance on its own, but it has also been mis-sold on the illicit market as ecstasy and amphetamines.

There have been 31 deaths associated with 4,4′-DMAR registered in three Member States, between June 2013 and June 2014. In most cases, 4,4′-DMAR was either the cause of death or, together with other substances, is likely to have contributed to death. One Member State has reported a case of non-fatal intoxication.

There are no studies on the toxicity of 4,4′-DMAR.

There is no prevalence data on the use of 4,4′-DMAR. However, the information available suggests that it has not been widely used. Information obtained from cases involving death also suggests that users unknowingly consumed 4,4′-DMAR when seeking other stimulants.

There is limited involvement of organised crime in the manufacture, distribution, trafficking and supply of 4,4′-DMAR within the Union. The chemical precursors and the synthetic routes used to manufacture 4,4′-DMAR are unknown.

4,4′-DMAR is not listed for control under the 1961 United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs or under the 1971 United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances. It is not currently under assessment, and has not been under assessment, by the United Nations' system, and no such assessment is planned.

4,4′-DMAR has no established or acknowledged human or veterinary medical use in the Union. Apart from its use in analytical reference materials, and in scientific research investigating its chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, there is no indication that it is being used for other purposes.

The Risk Assessment Report reveals that there is limited scientific evidence available on 4,4′-DMAR and points out that further research would be needed to determine the...