Annexes to COM(1997)49 - Framework for Community action in the field of water policy - Main contents
Please note
This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.
| dossier | COM(1997)49 - Framework for Community action in the field of water policy. |
|---|---|
| document | COM(1997)49  |
| date | October 23, 2000 |
INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR THE LIST OF COMPETENT AUTHORITIES
As required under Article 3(8), the Member States shall provide the following information on all competent authorities within each of its river basin districts as well as the portion of any international river basin district lying within their territory.
(i) Name and address of the competent authority - the official name and address of the authority identified under Article 3(2).
(ii) Geographical coverage of the river basin district - the names of the main rivers within the river basin district together with a precise description of the boundaries of the river basin district. This information should as far as possible be available for introduction into a geographic information system (GIS) and/or the geographic information system of the Commission (GISCO).
(iii) Legal status of competent authority - a description of the legal status of the competent authority and, where relevant, a summary or copy of its statute, founding treaty or equivalent legal document.
(iv) Responsibilities - a description of the legal and administrative responsibilities of each competent authority and of its role within each river basin district.
(v) Membership - where the competent authority acts as a coordinating body for other competent authorities, a list is required of these bodies together with a summary of the institutional relationships established in order to ensure coordination.
(vi) International relationships - where a river basin district covers the territory of more than one Member State or includes the territory of non-Member States, a summary is required of the institutional relationships established in order to ensure coordination.
ANNEX II
1 SURFACE WATERS
1.1. Characterisation of surface water body types
Member States shall identify the location and boundaries of bodies of surface water and shall carry out an initial characterisation of all such bodies in accordance with the following methodology. Member States may group surface water bodies together for the purposes of this initial characterisation.
(i) The surface water bodies within the river basin district shall be identified as falling within either one of the following surface water categories - rivers, lakes, transitional waters or coastal waters - or as artificial surface water bodies or heavily modified surface water bodies.
(ii) For each surface water category, the relevant surface water bodies within the river basin district shall be differentiated according to type. These types are those defined using either "system A" or "system B" identified in section 1.2.
(iii) If system A is used, the surface water bodies within the river basin district shall first be differentiated by the relevant ecoregions in accordance with the geographical areas identified in section 1.2 and shown on the relevant map in Annex XI. The water bodies within each ecoregion shall then be differentiated by surface water body types according to the descriptors set out in the tables for system A.
(iv) If system B is used, Member States must achieve at least the same degree of differentiation as would be achieved using system A. Accordingly, the surface water bodies within the river basin district shall be differentiated into types using the values for the obligatory descriptors and such optional descriptors, or combinations of descriptors, as are required to ensure that type specific biological reference conditions can be reliably derived.
(v) For artificial and heavily modified surface water bodies the differentiation shall be undertaken in accordance with the descriptors for whichever of the surface water categories most closely resembles the heavily modified or artificial water body concerned.
(vi) Member States shall submit to the Commission a map or maps (in a GIS format) of the geographical location of the types consistent with the degree of differentiation required under system A.
1.2. Ecoregions and surface water body types
1.2.1. Rivers
System A
>TABLE>
System B
>TABLE>
1.2.2. Lakes
System A
>TABLE>
System B
>TABLE>
1.2.3. Transitional Waters
System A
>TABLE>
System B
>TABLE>
1.2.4. Coastal Waters
System A
>TABLE>
System B
>TABLE>
1.3. Establishment of type-specific reference conditions for surface water body types
(i) For each surface water body type characterised in accordance with section 1.1, type-specific hydromorphological and physicochemical conditions shall be established representing the values of the hydromorphological and physicochemical quality elements specified in point 1.1 in Annex V for that surface water body type at high ecological status as defined in the relevant table in point 1.2 in Annex V. Type-specific biological reference conditions shall be established, representing the values of the biological quality elements specified in point 1.1 in Annex V for that surface water body type at high ecological status as defined in the relevant table in section 1.2 in Annex V.
(ii) In applying the procedures set out in this section to heavily modified or artificial surface water bodies references to high ecological status shall be construed as references to maximum ecological potential as defined in table 1.2.5 of Annex V. The values for maximum ecological potential for a water body shall be reviewed every six years.
(iii) Type-specific conditions for the purposes of points (i) and (ii) and type-specific biological reference conditions may be either spatially based or based on modelling, or may be derived using a combination of these methods. Where it is not possible to use these methods, Member States may use expert judgement to establish such conditions. In defining high ecological status in respect of concentrations of specific synthetic pollutants, the detection limits are those which can be achieved in accordance with the available techniques at the time when the type-specific conditions are to be established.
(iv) For spatially based type-specific biological reference conditions, Member States shall develop a reference network for each surface water body type. The network shall contain a sufficient number of sites of high status to provide a sufficient level of confidence about the values for the reference conditions, given the variability in the values of the quality elements corresponding to high ecological status for that surface water body type and the modelling techniques which are to be applied under paragraph (v).
(v) Type-specific biological reference conditions based on modelling may be derived using either predictive models or hindcasting methods. The methods shall use historical, palaeological and other available data and shall provide a sufficient level of confidence about the values for the reference conditions to ensure that the conditions so derived are consistent and valid for each surface water body type.
(vi) Where it is not possible to establish reliable type-specific reference conditions for a quality element in a surface water body type due to high degrees of natural variability in that element, not just as a result of seasonal variations, then that element may be excluded from the assessment of ecological status for that surface water type. In such circumstances Member States shall state the reasons for this exclusion in the river basin management plan.
1.4. Identification of Pressures
Member States shall collect and maintain information on the type and magnitude of the significant anthropogenic pressures to which the surface water bodies in each river basin district are liable to be subject, in particular the following.
Estimation and identification of significant point source pollution, in particular by substances listed in Annex VIII, from urban, industrial, agricultural and other installations and activities, based, inter alia, on information gathered under:
(i) Articles 15 and 17 of Directive 91/271/EEC;
(ii) Articles 9 and 15 of Directive 96/61/EC(1);
and for the purposes of the initial river basin management plan:
(iii) Article 11 of Directive 76/464/EEC; and
(iv) Directives 75/440/EC, 76/160/EEC(2), 78/659/EEC and 79/923/EEC(3).
Estimation and identification of significant diffuse source pollution, in particular by substances listed in Annex VIII, from urban, industrial, agricultural and other installations and activities; based, inter alia, on information gathered under:
(i) Articles 3, 5 and 6 of Directive 91/676/EEC(4);
(ii) Articles 7 and 17 of Directive 91/414/EEC;
(iii) Directive 98/8/EC;
and for the purposes of the first river basin management plan:
(iv) Directives 75/440/EEC, 76/160/EEC, 76/464/EEC, 78/659/EEC and 79/923/EEC.
Estimation and identification of significant water abstraction for urban, industrial, agricultural and other uses, including seasonal variations and total annual demand, and of loss of water in distribution systems.
Estimation and identification of the impact of significant water flow regulation, including water transfer and diversion, on overall flow characteristics and water balances.
Identification of significant morphological alterations to water bodies.
Estimation and identification of other significant anthropogenic impacts on the status of surface waters.
Estimation of land use patterns, including identification of the main urban, industrial and agricultural areas and, where relevant, fisheries and forests.
1.5. Assessment of Impact
Member States shall carry out an assessment of the susceptibility of the surface water status of bodies to the pressures identified above.
Member States shall use the information collected above, and any other relevant information including existing environmental monitoring data, to carry out an assessment of the likelihood that surface waters bodies within the river basin district will fail to meet the environmental quality objectives set for the bodies under Article 4. Member States may utilise modelling techniques to assist in such an assessment.
For those bodies identified as being at risk of failing the environmental quality objectives, further characterisation shall, where relevant, be carried out to optimise the design of both the monitoring programmes required under Article 8, and the programmes of measures required under Article 11.
2. GROUNDWATERS
2.1. Initial characterisation
Member States shall carry out an initial characterisation of all groundwater bodies to assess their uses and the degree to which they are at risk of failing to meet the objectives for each groundwater body under Article 4. Member States may group groundwater bodies together for the purposes of this initial characterisation. This analysis may employ existing hydrological, geological, pedological, land use, discharge, abstraction and other data but shall identify:
- the location and boundaries of the groundwater body or bodies,
- the pressures to which the groundwater body or bodies are liable to be subject including:
- diffuse sources of pollution
- point sources of pollution
- abstraction
- artificial recharge,
- the general character of the overlying strata in the catchment area from which the groundwater body receives its recharge,
- those groundwater bodies for which there are directly dependent surface water ecosystems or terrestrial ecosystems.
2.2. Further characterisation
Following this initial characterisation, Member States shall carry out further characterisation of those groundwater bodies or groups of bodies which have been identified as being at risk in order to establish a more precise assessment of the significance of such risk and identification of any measures to be required under Article 11. Accordingly, this characterisation shall include relevant information on the impact of human activity and, where relevant, information on:
- geological characteristics of the groundwater body including the extent and type of geological units,
- hydrogeological characteristics of the groundwater body including hydraulic conductivity, porosity and confinement,
- characteristics of the superficial deposits and soils in the catchment from which the groundwater body receives its recharge, including the thickness, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and absorptive properties of the deposits and soils,
- stratification characteristics of the groundwater within the groundwater body,
- an inventory of associated surface systems, including terrestrial ecosystems and bodies of surface water, with which the groundwater body is dynamically linked,
- estimates of the directions and rates of exchange of water between the groundwater body and associated surface systems,
- sufficient data to calculate the long term annual average rate of overall recharge,
- characterisation of the chemical composition of the groundwater, including specification of the contributions from human activity. Member States may use typologies for groundwater characterisation when establishing natural background levels for these bodies of groundwater.
2.3. Review of the impact of human activity on groundwaters
For those bodies of groundwater which cross the boundary between two or more Member States or are identified following the initial characterisation undertaken in accordance with paragraph 2.1 as being at risk of failing to meet the objectives set for each body under Article 4, the following information shall, where relevant, be collected and maintained for each groundwater body:
(a) the location of points in the groundwater body used for the abstraction of water with the exception of:
- points for the abstraction of water providing less than an average of 10 m3 per day, or,
- points for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption providing less than an average of 10 m3 per day or serving less than 50 persons,
(b) the annual average rates of abstraction from such points,
(c) the chemical composition of water abstracted from the groundwater body,
(d) the location of points in the groundwater body into which water is directly discharged,
(e) the rates of discharge at such points,
(f) the chemical composition of discharges to the groundwater body, and
(g) land use in the catchment or catchments from which the groundwater body receives its recharge, including pollutant inputs and anthropogenic alterations to the recharge characteristics such as rainwater and run-off diversion through land sealing, artificial recharge, damming or drainage.
2.4. Review of the impact of changes in groundwater levels
Member States shall also identify those bodies of groundwater for which lower objectives are to be specified under Article 4 including as a result of consideration of the effects of the status of the body on:
(i) surface water and associated terrestrial ecosystems
(ii) water regulation, flood protection and land drainage
(iii) human development.
2.5. Review of the impact of pollution on groundwater quality
Member States shall identify those bodies of groundwater for which lower objectives are to be specified under Article 4(5) where, as a result of the impact of human activity, as determined in accordance with Article 5(1), the body of groundwater is so polluted that achieving good groundwater chemical status is infeasible or disproportionately expensive.
(1) OJ L 135, 30.5.1991, p. 40. Directive as last amended by Directive 98/15/EC (OJ L 67, 7.3.1998, p. 29).
(2) OJ L 31, 5.2.1976, p. 1. Directive as last amended by the 1994 Act of Accession.
(3) OJ L 281, 10.11.1979, p. 47. Directive as amended by Directive 91/692/EEC (OJ L 377, 31.12.1991, p. 48).
(4) OJ L 375, 31.12.1991, p. 1.
ANNEX III
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
The economic analysis shall contain enough information in sufficient detail (taking account of the costs associated with collection of the relevant data) in order to:
(a) make the relevant calculations necessary for taking into account under Article 9 the principle of recovery of the costs of water services, taking account of long term forecasts of supply and demand for water in the river basin district and, where necessary:
- estimates of the volume, prices and costs associated with water services, and
- estimates of relevant investment including forecasts of such investments;
(b) make judgements about the most cost-effective combination of measures in respect of water uses to be included in the programme of measures under Article 11 based on estimates of the potential costs of such measures.
ANNEX IV
PROTECTED AREAS
1. The register of protected areas required under Article 6 shall include the following types of protected areas:
(i) areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption under Article 7;
(ii) areas designated for the protection of economically significant aquatic species;
(iii) bodies of water designated as recreational waters, including areas designated as bathing waters under Directive 76/160/EEC;
(iv) nutrient-sensitive areas, including areas designated as vulnerable zones under Directive 91/676/EEC and areas designated as sensitive areas under Directive 91/271/EEC; and
(v) areas designated for the protection of habitats or species where the maintenance or improvement of the status of water is an important factor in their protection, including relevant Natura 2000 sites designated under Directive 92/43/EEC(1) and Directive 79/409/EEC(2).
2. The summary of the register required as part of the river basin management plan shall include maps indicating the location of each protected area and a description of the Community, national or local legislation under which they have been designated.
(1) OJ L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7. Directive as last amended by Directive 97/62/EC (OJ L 305, 8.11.1997, p. 42).
(2) OJ L 103, 25.4.1979, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Directive 97/49/EC (OJ L 223, 13.8.1997, p. 9).
ANNEX V
>TABLE>
1. SURFACE WATER STATUS
1.1. Quality elements for the classification of ecological status
1.1.1. Rivers
Biological elements
Composition and abundance of aquatic flora
Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrate fauna
Composition, abundance and age structure of fish fauna
Hydromorphological elements supporting the biological elements
Hydrological regime
quantity and dynamics of water flow
connection to groundwater bodies
River continuity
Morphological conditions
river depth and width variation
structure and substrate of the river bed
structure of the riparian zone
Chemical and physico-chemical elements supporting the biological elements
General
Thermal conditions
Oxygenation conditions
Salinity
Acidification status
Nutrient conditions
Specific pollutants
Pollution by all priority substances identified as being discharged into the body of water
Pollution by other substances identified as being discharged in significant quantities into the body of water
1.1.2. Lakes
Biological elements
Composition, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton
Composition and abundance of other aquatic flora
Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrate fauna
Composition, abundance and age structure of fish fauna
Hydromorphological elements supporting the biological elements
Hydrological regime
quantity and dynamics of water flow
residence time
connection to the groundwater body
Morphological conditions
lake depth variation
quantity, structure and substrate of the lake bed
structure of the lake shore
Chemical and physico-chemical elements supporting the biological elements
General
Transparency
Thermal conditions
Oxygenation conditions
Salinity
Acidification status
Nutrient conditions
Specific pollutants
Pollution by all priority substances identified as being discharged into the body of water
Pollution by other substances identified as being discharged in significant quantities into the body of water
1.1.3. Transitional waters
Biological elements
Composition, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton
Composition and abundance of other aquatic flora
Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrate fauna
Composition and abundance of fish fauna
Hydro-morphological elements supporting the biological elements
Morphological conditions
depth variation
quantity, structure and substrate of the bed
structure of the intertidal zone
Tidal regime
freshwater flow
wave exposure
Chemical and physico-chemical elements supporting the biological elements
General
Transparency
Thermal conditions
Oxygenation conditions
Salinity
Nutrient conditions
Specific pollutants
Pollution by all priority substances identified as being discharged into the body of water
Pollution by other substances identified as being discharged in significant quantities into the body of water
1.1.4. Coastal waters
Biological elements
Composition, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton
Composition and abundance of other aquatic flora
Composition and abundance of benthic invertebrate fauna
Hydromorphological elements supporting the biological elements
Morphological conditions
depth variation
structure and substrate of the coastal bed
structure of the intertidal zone
Tidal regime
direction of dominant currents
wave exposure
Chemical and physico-chemical elements supporting the biological elements
General
Transparency
Thermal conditions
Oxygenation conditions
Salinity
Nutrient conditions
Specific pollutants
Pollution by all priority substances identified as being discharged into the body of water
Pollution by other substances identified as being discharged in significant quantities into the body of water
1.1.5. Artificial and heavily modified surface water bodies
The quality elements applicable to artificial and heavily modified surface water bodies shall be those applicable to whichever of the four natural surface water categories above most closely resembles the heavily modified or artificial water body concerned.
1.2. Normative definitions of ecological status classifications
Table 1.2. General definition for rivers, lakes, transitional waters and coastal waters
>TABLE>
Waters achieving a status below moderate shall be classified as poor or bad.
Waters showing evidence of major alterations to the values of the biological quality elements for the surface water body type and in which the relevant biological communities deviate substantially from those normally associated with the surface water body type under undisturbed conditions, shall be classified as poor.
Waters showing evidence of severe alterations to the values of the biological quality elements for the surface water body type and in which large portions of the relevant biological communities normally associated with the surface water body type under undisturbed conditions are absent, shall be classified as bad.
1.2.1. Definitions for high, good and moderate ecological status in rivers
Biological quality elements
>TABLE>
Hydromorphological quality elements
>TABLE>
Physico-chemical quality elements
>TABLE>
1.2.2. Definitions for high, good and moderate ecological status in lakes
Biological quality elements
>TABLE>
Hydromorphological quality elements
>TABLE>
Physico-chemical quality elements
>TABLE>
1.2.3. Definitions for high, good and moderate ecological status in transitional waters
Biological quality elements
>TABLE>
Hydromorphological quality elements
>TABLE>
Physico-chemical quality elements
>TABLE>
1.2.4. Definitions for high, good and moderate ecological status in coastal waters
Biological quality elements
>TABLE>
Hydromorphological quality elements
>TABLE>
Physico-chemical quality elements
>TABLE>
1.2.5. Definitions for maximum, good and moderate ecological potential for heavily modified or artificial water bodies
>TABLE>
1.2.6. Procedure for the setting of chemical quality standards by Member States
In deriving environmental quality standards for pollutants listed in points 1 to 9 of Annex VIII for the protection of aquatic biota, Member States shall act in accordance with the following provisions. Standards may be set for water, sediment or biota.
Where possible, both acute and chronic data shall be obtained for the taxa set out below which are relevant for the water body type concerned as well as any other aquatic taxa for which data are available. The "base set" of taxa are:
- algae and/or macrophytes
- daphnia or representative organisms for saline waters
- fish.
Setting the environmental quality standard
The following procedure applies to the setting of a maximum annual average concentration:
(i) Member States shall set appropriate safety factors in each case consistent with the nature and quality of the available data and the guidance given in section 3.3.1 of Part II of "Technical guidance document in support of Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on risk assessment for new notified substances and Commission Regulation (EC) No 1488/94 on risk assessment for existing substances" and the safety factors set out in the table below:
>TABLE>
(ii) where data on persistence and bioaccumulation are available, these shall be taken into account in deriving the final value of the environmental quality standard;
(iii) the standard thus derived should be compared with any evidence from field studies. Where anomalies appear, the derivation shall be reviewed to allow a more precise safety factor to be calculated;
(iv) the standard derived shall be subject to peer review and public consultation including to allow a more precise safety factor to be calculated.
1.3. Monitoring of ecological status and chemical status for surface waters
The surface water monitoring network shall be established in accordance with the requirements of Article 8. The monitoring network shall be designed so as to provide a coherent and comprehensive overview of ecological and chemical status within each river basin and shall permit classification of water bodies into five classes consistent with the normative definitions in section 1.2. Member States shall provide a map or maps showing the surface water monitoring network in the river basin management plan.
On the basis of the characterisation and impact assessment carried out in accordance with Article 5 and Annex II, Member States shall for each period to which a river basin management plan applies, establish a surveillance monitoring programme and an operational monitoring programme. Member States may also need in some cases to establish programmes of investigative monitoring.
Member States shall monitor parameters which are indicative of the status of each relevant quality element. In selecting parameters for biological quality elements Member States shall identify the appropriate taxonomic level required to achieve adequate confidence and precision in the classification of the quality elements. Estimates of the level of confidence and precision of the results provided by the monitoring programmes shall be given in the plan.
1.3.1. Design of surveillance monitoring
Objective
Member States shall establish surveillance monitoring programmes to provide information for:
- supplementing and validating the impact assessment procedure detailed in Annex II,
- the efficient and effective design of future monitoring programmes,
- the assessment of long-term changes in natural conditions, and
- the assessment of long-term changes resulting from widespread anthropogenic activity.
The results of such monitoring shall be reviewed and used, in combination with the impact assessment procedure described in Annex II, to determine requirements for monitoring programmes in the current and subsequent river basin management plans.
Selection of monitoring points
Surveillance monitoring shall be carried out of sufficient surface water bodies to provide an assessment of the overall surface water status within each catchment or subcatchments within the river basin district. In selecting these bodies Member States shall ensure that, where appropriate, monitoring is carried out at points where:
- the rate of water flow is significant within the river basin district as a whole; including points on large rivers where the catchment area is greater than 2500 km2,
- the volume of water present is significant within the river basin district, including large lakes and reservoirs,
- significant bodies of water cross a Member State boundary,
- sites are identified under the Information Exchange Decision 77/795/EEC, and
at such other sites as are required to estimate the pollutant load which is transferred across Member State boundaries, and which is transferred into the marine environment.
Selection of quality elements
Surveillance monitoring shall be carried out for each monitoring site for a period of one year during the period covered by a river basin management plan for:
- parameters indicative of all biological quality elements,
- parameters indicative of all hydromorphological quality elements,
- parameters indicative of all general physico-chemical quality elements,
- priority list pollutants which are discharged into the river basin or sub-basin, and
- other pollutants discharged in significant quantities in the river basin or sub-basin,
unless the previous surveillance monitoring exercise showed that the body concerned reached good status and there is no evidence from the review of impact of human activity in Annex II that the impacts on the body have changed. In these cases, surveillance monitoring shall be carried out once every three river basin management plans.
1.3.2. Design of operational monitoring
Operational monitoring shall be undertaken in order to:
- establish the status of those bodies identified as being at risk of failing to meet their environmental objectives, and
- assess any changes in the status of such bodies resulting from the programmes of measures.
The programme may be amended during the period of the river basin management plan in the light of information obtained as part of the requirements of Annex II or as part of this Annex, in particular to allow a reduction in frequency where an impact is found not to be significant or the relevant pressure is removed.
Selection of monitoring sites
Operational monitoring shall be carried out for all those bodies of water which on the basis of either the impact assessment carried out in accordance with Annex II or surveillance monitoring are identified as being at risk of failing to meet their environmental objectives under Article 4 and for those bodies of water into which priority list substances are discharged. Monitoring points shall be selected for priority list substances as specified in the legislation laying down the relevant environmental quality standard. In all other cases, including for priority list substances where no specific guidance is given in such legislation, monitoring points shall be selected as follows:
- for bodies at risk from significant point source pressures, sufficient monitoring points within each body in order to assess the magnitude and impact of the point source. Where a body is subject to a number of point source pressures monitoring points may be selected to assess the magnitude and impact of these pressures as a whole,
- for bodies at risk from significant diffuse source pressures, sufficient monitoring points within a selection of the bodies in order to assess the magnitude and impact of the diffuse source pressures. The selection of bodies shall be made such that they are representative of the relative risks of the occurrence of the diffuse source pressures, and of the relative risks of the failure to achieve good surface water status,
- for bodies at risk from significant hydromorphological pressure, sufficient monitoring points within a selection of the bodies in order to assess the magnitude and impact of the hydromorphological pressures. The selection of bodies shall be indicative of the overall impact of the hydromorphological pressure to which all the bodies are subject.
Selection of quality elements
In order to assess the magnitude of the pressure to which bodies of surface water are subject Member States shall monitor for those quality elements which are indicative of the pressures to which the body or bodies are subject. In order to assess the impact of these pressures, Member States shall monitor as relevant:
- parameters indicative of the biological quality element, or elements, most sensitive to the pressures to which the water bodies are subject,
- all priority substances discharged, and other pollutants discharged in significant quantities,
- parameters indicative of the hydromorphological quality element most sensitive to the pressure identified.
1.3.3. Design of investigative monitoring
Objective
Investigative monitoring shall be carried out:
- where the reason for any exceedances is unknown,
- where surveillance monitoring indicates that the objectives set out in Article 4 for a body of water are not likely to be achieved and operational monitoring has not already been established, in order to ascertain the causes of a water body or water bodies failing to achieve the environmental objectives, or
- to ascertain the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution,
and shall inform the establishment of a programme of measures for the achievement of the environmental objectives and specific measures necessary to remedy the effects of accidental pollution.
1.3.4. Frequency of monitoring
For the surveillance monitoring period, the frequencies for monitoring parameters indicative of physico-chemical quality elements given below should be applied unless greater intervals would be justified on the basis of technical knowledge and expert judgement. For biological or hydromorphological quality elements monitoring shall be carried out at least once during the surveillance monitoring period.
For operational monitoring, the frequency of monitoring required for any parameter shall be determined by Member States so as to provide sufficient data for a reliable assessment of the status of the relevant quality element. As a guideline, monitoring should take place at intervals not exceeding those shown in the table below unless greater intervals would be justified on the basis of technical knowledge and expert judgement.
Frequencies shall be chosen so as to achieve an acceptable level of confidence and precision. Estimates of the confidence and precision attained by the monitoring system used shall be stated in the river basin management plan.
Monitoring frequencies shall be selected which take account of the variability in parameters resulting from both natural and anthropogenic conditions. The times at which monitoring is undertaken shall be selected so as to minimise the impact of seasonal variation on the results, and thus ensure that the results reflect changes in the water body as a result of changes due to anthropogenic pressure. Additional monitoring during different seasons of the same year shall be carried out, where necessary, to achieve this objective.
>TABLE>
1.3.5. Additional monitoring requirements for protected areas
The monitoring programmes required above shall be supplemented in order to fulfil the following requirements:
Drinking water abstraction points
Bodies of surface water designated in Article 7 which provide more than 100 m3 a day as an average shall be designated as monitoring sites and shall be subject to such additional monitoring as may be necessary to meet the requirements of that Article. Such bodies shall be monitored for all priority substances discharged and all other substances discharged in significant quantities which could affect the status of the body of water and which are controlled under the provisions of the Drinking Water Directive. Monitoring shall be carried out in accordance with the frequencies set out below:
>TABLE>
Habitat and species protection areas
Bodies of water forming these areas shall be included within the operational monitoring programme referred to above where, on the basis of the impact assessment and the surveillance monitoring, they are identified as being at risk of failing to meet their environmental objectives under Article 4. Monitoring shall be carried out to assess the magnitude and impact of all relevant significant pressures on these bodies and, where necessary, to assess changes in the status of such bodies resulting from the programmes of measures. Monitoring shall continue until the areas satisfy the water-related requirements of the legislation under which they are designated and meet their objectives under Article 4.
1.3.6. Standards for monitoring of quality elements
Methods used for the monitoring of type parameters shall conform to the international standards listed below or such other national or international standards which will ensure the provision of data of an equivalent scientific quality and comparability.
Macroinvertebrate sampling
>TABLE>
Macrophyte sampling
Relevant CEN / ISO standards when developed
Fish sampling
Relevant CEN / ISO standards when developed
Diatom sampling
Relevant CEN/ISO standards when developed
Standards for physico-chemical parameters
Any relevant CEN/ISO standards
Standards for hydromorphological parameters
Any relevant CEN/ISO standards
1.4. Classification and presentation of ecological status
1.4.1. Comparability of biological monitoring results
(i) Member States shall establish monitoring systems for the purpose of estimating the values of the biological quality elements specified for each surface water category or for heavily modified and artificial bodies of surface water. In applying the procedure set out below to heavily modified or artificial water bodies, references to ecological status should be construed as references to ecological potential. Such systems may utilise particular species or groups of species which are representative of the quality element as a whole.
(ii) In order to ensure comparability of such monitoring systems, the results of the systems operated by each Member State shall be expressed as ecological quality ratios for the purposes of classification of ecological status. These ratios shall represent the relationship between the values of the biological parameters observed for a given body of surface water and the values for these parameters in the reference conditions applicable to that body. The ratio shall be expressed as a numerical value between zero and one, with high ecological status represented by values close to one and bad ecological status by values close to zero.
(iii) Each Member State shall divide the ecological quality ratio scale for their monitoring system for each surface water category into five classes ranging from high to bad ecological status, as defined in Section 1.2, by assigning a numerical value to each of the boundaries between the classes. The value for the boundary between the classes of high and good status, and the value for the boundary between good and moderate status shall be established through the intercalibration exercise described below.
(iv) The Commission shall facilitate this intercalibration exercise in order to ensure that these class boundaries are established consistent with the normative definitions in Section 1.2 and are comparable between Member States.
(v) As part of this exercise the Commission shall facilitate an exchange of information between Members States leading to the identification of a range of sites in each ecoregion in the Community; these sites will form an intercalibration network. The network shall consist of sites selected from a range of surface water body types present within each ecoregion. For each surface water body type selected, the network shall consist of at least two sites corresponding to the boundary between the normative definitions of high and good status, and at least two sites corresponding to the boundary between the normative definitions of good and moderate status. The sites shall be selected by expert judgement based on joint inspections and all other available information.
(vi) Each Member State monitoring system shall be applied to those sites in the intercalibration network which are both in the ecoregion and of a surface water body type to which the system will be applied pursuant to the requirements of this Directive. The results of this application shall be used to set the numerical values for the relevant class boundaries in each Member State monitoring system.
(vii) Within three years of the date of entry into force of the Directive, the Commission shall prepare a draft register of sites to form the intercalibration network which may be adapted in accordance with the procedures laid down in Article 21. The final register of sites shall be established within four years of the date of entry into force of the Directive and shall be published by the Commission.
(viii) The Commission and Member States shall complete the intercalibration exercise within 18 months of the date on which the finalised register is published.
(ix) The results of the intercalibration exercise and the values established for the Member State monitoring system classifications shall be published by the Commission within six months of the completion of the intercalibration exercise.
1.4.2. Presentation of monitoring results and classification of ecological status and ecological potential
(i)
>TABLE>
(ii)
>TABLE>
(iii) Member States shall also indicate, by a black dot on the map, those bodies of water where failure to achieve good status or good ecological potential is due to non-compliance with one or more environmental quality standards which have been established for that body of water in respect of specific synthetic and non-synthetic pollutants (in accordance with the compliance regime established by the Member State).
1.4.3. Presentation of monitoring results and classification of chemical status
Where a body of water achieves compliance with all the environmental quality standards established in Annex IX, Article 16 and under other relevant Community legislation setting environmental quality standards it shall be recorded as achieving good chemical status. If not, the body shall be recorded as failing to achieve good chemical status.
>TABLE>
2. GROUNDWATER
2.1. Groundwater quantitative status
2.1.1. Parameter for the classification of quantitative status
Groundwater level regime
2.1.2. Definition of quantitative status
>TABLE>
2.2. Monitoring of groundwater quantitative status
2.2.1. Groundwater level monitoring network
The groundwater monitoring network shall be established in accordance with the requirements of Articles 7 and 8. The monitoring network shall be designed so as to provide a reliable assessment of the quantitative status of all groundwater bodies or groups of bodies including assessment of the available groundwater resource. Member States shall provide a map or maps showing the groundwater monitoring network in the river basin management plan.
2.2.2. Density of monitoring sites
The network shall include sufficient representative monitoring points to estimate the groundwater level in each groundwater body or group of bodies taking into account short and long-term variations in recharge and in particular:
- for groundwater bodies identified as being at risk of failing to achieve environmental objectives under Article 4, ensure sufficient density of monitoring points to assess the impact of abstractions and discharges on the groundwater level,
- for groundwater bodies within which groundwater flows across a Member State boundary, ensure sufficient monitoring points are provided to estimate the direction and rate of groundwater flow across the Member State boundary.
2.2.3. Monitoring frequency
The frequency of observations shall be sufficient to allow assessment of the quantitative status of each groundwater body or group of bodies taking into account short and long-term variations in recharge. In particular:
- for groundwater bodies identified as being at risk of failing to achieve environmental objectives under Article 4, ensure sufficient frequency of measurement to assess the impact of abstractions and discharges on the groundwater level,
- for groundwater bodies within which groundwater flows across a Member State boundary, ensure sufficient frequency of measurement to estimate the direction and rate of groundwater flow across the Member State boundary.
2.2.4. Interpretation and presentation of groundwater quantitative status
The results obtained from the monitoring network for a groundwater body or group of bodies shall be used to assess the quantitative status of that body or those bodies. Subject to point 2.5. Member States shall provide a map of the resulting assessment of groundwater quantitative status, colour-coded in accordance with the following regime:
Good: green
Poor: red
2.3. Groundwater chemical status
2.3.1. Parameters for the determination of groundwater chemical status
Conductivity
Concentrations of pollutants
2.3.2. Definition of good groundwater chemical status
>TABLE>
2.4. Monitoring of groundwater chemical status
2.4.1. Groundwater monitoring network
The groundwater monitoring network shall be established in accordance with the requirements of Articles 7 and 8. The monitoring network shall be designed so as to provide a coherent and comprehensive overview of groundwater chemical status within each river basin and to detect the presence of long-term anthropogenically induced upward trends in pollutants.
On the basis of the characterisation and impact assessment carried out in accordance with Article 5 and Annex II, Member States shall for each period to which a river basin management plan applies, establish a surveillance monitoring programme. The results of this programme shall be used to establish an operational monitoring programme to be applied for the remaining period of the plan.
Estimates of the level of confidence and precision of the results provided by the monitoring programmes shall be given in the plan.
2.4.2. Surveillance monitoring
Objective
Surveillance monitoring shall be carried out in order to:
- supplement and validate the impact assessment procedure,
- provide information for use in the assessment of long term trends both as a result of changes in natural conditions and through anthropogenic activity.
Selection of monitoring sites
Sufficient monitoring sites shall be selected for each of the following:
- bodies identified as being at risk following the characterisation exercise undertaken in accordance with Annex II,
- bodies which cross a Member State boundary.
Selection of parameters
The following set of core parameters shall be monitored in all the selected groundwater bodies:
- oxygen content
- pH value
- conductivity
- nitrate
- ammonium
Bodies which are identified in accordance with Annex II as being at significant risk of failing to achieve good status shall also be monitored for those parameters which are indicative of the impact of these pressures.
Transboundary water bodies shall also be monitored for those parameters which are relevant for the protection of all of the uses supported by the groundwater flow.
2.4.3. Operational monitoring
Objective
Operational monitoring shall be undertaken in the periods between surveillance monitoring programmes in order to:
- establish the chemical status of all groundwater bodies or groups of bodies determined as being at risk,
- establish the presence of any long term anthropogenically induced upward trend in the concentration of any pollutant.
Selection of monitoring sites
Operational monitoring shall be carried out for all those groundwater bodies or groups of bodies which on the basis of both the impact assessment carried out in accordance with Annex II and surveillance monitoring are identified as being at risk of failing to meet objectives under Article 4. The selection of monitoring sites shall also reflect an assessment of how representative monitoring data from that site is of the quality of the relevant groundwater body or bodies.
Frequency of monitoring
Operational monitoring shall be carried out for the periods between surveillance monitoring programmes at a frequency sufficient to detect the impacts of relevant pressures but at a minimum of once per annum.
2.4.4. Identification of trends in pollutants
Member States shall use data from both surveillance and operational monitoring in the identification of long term anthropogenically induced upward trends in pollutant concentrations and the reversal of such trends. The base year or period from which trend identification is to be calculated shall be identified. The calculation of trends shall be undertaken for a body or, where appropriate, group of bodies of groundwater. Reversal of a trend shall be demonstrated statistically and the level of confidence associated with the identification stated.
2.4.5. Interpretation and presentation of groundwater chemical status
In assessing status, the results of individual monitoring points within a groundwater body shall be aggregated for the body as a whole. Without prejudice to the Directives concerned, for good status to be achieved for a groundwater body, for those chemical parameters for which environmental quality standards have been set in Community legislation:
- the mean value of the results of monitoring at each point in the groundwater body or group of bodies shall be calculated, and
- in accordance with Article 17 these mean values shall be used to demonstrate compliance with good groundwater chemical status.
Subject to point 2.5, Member States shall provide a map of groundwater chemical status, colour-coded as indicated below:
Good: green
Poor: red
Member States shall also indicate by a black dot on the map, those groundwater bodies which are subject to a significant and sustained upward trend in the concentrations of any pollutant resulting from the impact of human activity. Reversal of a trend shall be indicated by a blue dot on the map.
These maps shall be included in the river basin management plan.
2.5. Presentation of Groundwater Status
Member States shall provide in the river basin management plan a map showing for each groundwater body or groups of groundwater bodies both the quantitative status and the chemical status of that body or group of bodies, colour-coded in accordance with the requirements of points 2.2.4 and 2.4.5. Member States may choose not to provide separate maps under points 2.2.4 and 2.4.5 but shall in that case also provide an indication in accordance with the requirements of point 2.4.5 on the map required under this point, of those bodies which are subject to a significant and sustained upward trend in the concentration of any pollutant or any reversal in such a trend.
ANNEX VI
LISTS OF MEASURES TO BE INCLUDED WITHIN THE PROGRAMMES OF MEASURES
PART A
Measures required under the following Directives:
(i) The Bathing Water Directive (76/160/EEC);
(ii) The Birds Directive (79/409/EEC)(1);
(iii) The Drinking Water Directive (80/778/EEC) as amended by Directive (98/83/EC);
(iv) The Major Accidents (Seveso) Directive (96/82/EC)(2);
(v) The Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (85/337/EEC)(3);
(vi) The Sewage Sludge Directive (86/278/EEC)(4);
(vii) The Urban Waste-water Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC);
(viii) The Plant Protection Products Directive (91/414/EEC);
(ix) The Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC);
(x) The Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC)(5);
(xi) The Integrated Pollution Prevention Control Directive (96/61/EC).
PART B
The following is a non-exclusive list of supplementary measures which Member States within each river basin district may choose to adopt as part of the programme of measures required under Article 11(4):
(i) legislative instruments
(ii) administrative instruments
(iii) economic or fiscal instruments
(iv) negotiated environmental agreements
(v) emission controls
(vi) codes of good practice
(vii) recreation and restoration of wetlands areas
(viii) abstraction controls
(ix) demand management measures, inter alia, promotion of adapted agricultural production such as low water requiring crops in areas affected by drought
(x) efficiency and reuse measures, inter alia, promotion of water-efficient technologies in industry and water-saving irrigation techniques
(xi) construction projects
(xii) desalination plants
(xiii) rehabilitation projects
(xiv) artificial recharge of aquifers
(xv) educational projects
(xvi) research, development and demonstration projects
(xvii) other relevant measures
(1) OJ L 103, 25.4.1979, p. 1.
(2) OJ L 10, 14.1.1997, p. 13.
(3) OJ L 175, 5.7.1985, p. 40. Directive as amended by Directive 97/11/EC (OJ L 73, 14.3.1997, p. 5).
(4) OJ L 181, 8.7.1986, p. 6.
(5) OJ L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7.
ANNEX VII
RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLANS
A. River basin management plans shall cover the following elements:
1. a general description of the characteristics of the river basin district required under Article 5 and Annex II. This shall include:
1.1. for surface waters:
- mapping of the location and boundaries of water bodies,
- mapping of the ecoregions and surface water body types within the river basin,
- identification of reference conditions for the surface water body types;
1.2. for groundwaters:
- mapping of the location and boundaries of groundwater bodies;
2. a summary of significant pressures and impact of human activity on the status of surface water and groundwater, including:
- estimation of point source pollution,
- estimation of diffuse source pollution, including a summary of land use,
- estimation of pressures on the quantitative status of water including abstractions,
- analysis of other impacts of human activity on the status of water;
3. identification and mapping of protected areas as required by Article 6 and Annex IV;
4. a map of the monitoring networks established for the purposes of Article 8 and Annex V, and a presentation in map form of the results of the monitoring programmes carried out under those provisions for the status of:
4.1. surface water (ecological and chemical);
4.2. groundwater (chemical and quantitative);
4.3. protected areas;
5. a list of the environmental objectives established under Article 4 for surface waters, groundwaters and protected areas, including in particular identification of instances where use has been made of Article 4(4), (5), (6) and (7), and the associated information required under that Article;
6. a summary of the economic analysis of water use as required by Article 5 and Annex III;
7. a summary of the programme or programmes of measures adopted under Article 11, including the ways in which the objectives established under Article 4 are thereby to be achieved;
7.1. a summary of the measures required to implement Community legislation for the protection of water;
7.2. a report on the practical steps and measures taken to apply the principle of recovery of the costs of water use in accordance with Article 9;
7.3. a summary of the measures taken to meet the requirements of Article 7;
7.4. a summary of the controls on abstraction and impoundment of water, including reference to the registers and identifications of the cases where exemptions have been made under Article 11(3)(e);
7.5. a summary of the controls adopted for point source discharges and other activities with an impact on the status of water in accordance with the provisions of Article 11(3)(g) and 11(3)(i);
7.6. an identification of the cases where direct discharges to groundwater have been authorised in accordance with the provisions of Article 11(3)(j);
7.7. a summary of the measures taken in accordance with Article 16 on priority substances;
7.8. a summary of the measures taken to prevent or reduce the impact of accidental pollution incidents;
7.9. a summary of the measures taken under Article 11(5) for bodies of water which are unlikely to achieve the objectives set out under Article 4;
7.10. details of the supplementary measures identified as necessary in order to meet the environmental objectives established;
7.11. details of the measures taken to avoid increase in pollution of marine waters in accordance with Article 11(6);
8. a register of any more detailed programmes and management plans for the river basin district dealing with particular sub-basins, sectors, issues or water types, together with a summary of their contents;
9. a summary of the public information and consultation measures taken, their results and the changes to the plan made as a consequence;
10. a list of competent authorities in accordance with Annex I;
11. the contact points and procedures for obtaining the background documentation and information referred to in Article 14(1), and in particular details of the control measures adopted in accordance with Article 11(3)(g) and 11(3)(i) and of the actual monitoring data gathered in accordance with Article 8 and Annex V.
B. The first update of the river basin management plan and all subsequent updates shall also include:
1. a summary of any changes or updates since the publication of the previous version of the river basin management plan, including a summary of the reviews to be carried out under Article 4(4), (5), (6) and (7);
2. an assessment of the progress made towards the achievement of the environmental objectives, including presentation of the monitoring results for the period of the previous plan in map form, and an explanation for any environmental objectives which have not been reached;
3. a summary of, and an explanation for, any measures foreseen in the earlier version of the river basin management plan which have not been undertaken;
4. a summary of any additional interim measures adopted under Article 11(5) since the publication of the previous version of the river basin management plan.
ANNEX VIII
INDICATIVE LIST OF THE MAIN POLLUTANTS
1. Organohalogen compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the aquatic environment.
2. Organophosphorous compounds.
3. Organotin compounds.
4. Substances and preparations, or the breakdown products of such, which have been proved to possess carcinogenic or mutagenic properties or properties which may affect steroidogenic, thyroid, reproduction or other endocrine-related functions in or via the aquatic environment.
5. Persistent hydrocarbons and persistent and bioaccumulable organic toxic substances.
6. Cyanides.
7. Metals and their compounds.
8. Arsenic and its compounds.
9. Biocides and plant protection products.
10. Materials in suspension.
11. Substances which contribute to eutrophication (in particular, nitrates and phosphates).
12. Substances which have an unfavourable influence on the oxygen balance (and can be measured using parameters such as BOD, COD, etc.).
ANNEX IX
EMISSION LIMIT VALUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS
The "limit values" and "quality objectives" established under the re Directives of Directive 76/464/EEC shall be considered emission limit values and environmental quality standards, respectively, for the purposes of this Directive. They are established in the following Directives:
(i) The Mercury Discharges Directive (82/176/EEC)(1);
(ii) The Cadmium Discharges Directive (83/513/EEC)(2);
(iii) The Mercury Directive (84/156/EEC)(3);
(iv) The Hexachlorocyclohexane Discharges Directive (84/491/EEC)(4); and
(v) The Dangerous Substance Discharges Directive (86/280/EEC)(5).
(1) OJ L 81, 27.3.1982, p. 29.
(2) OJ L 291, 24.10.1983, p. 1.
(3) OJ L 74, 17.3.1984, p. 49.
(4) OJ L 274, 17.10.1984, p. 11.
(5) OJ L 181, 4.7.1986, p. 16.
ANNEX X
PRIORITY SUBSTANCES
ANNEX XI
MAP A
System A: Ecoregions for rivers and lakes
>PIC FILE= "L_2000327EN.007102.TIF">
1. Iberic-Macaronesian region
2. Pyrenees
3. Italy, Corsica and Malta
4. Alps
5. Dinaric western Balkan
6. Hellenic western Balkan
7. Eastern Balkan
8. Western highlands
9. Central highlands
10. The Carpathians
11. Hungarian lowlands
12. Pontic province
13. Western plains
14. Central plains
15. Baltic province
16. Eastern plains
17. Ireland and Northern Ireland
18. Great Britain
19. Iceland
20. Borealic uplands
21. Tundra
22. Fenno-Scandian shield
23. Taiga
24. The Caucasus
25. Caspic depression
MAP B
System A: Ecoregions for transitional waters and coastal waters
>PIC FILE= "L_2000327EN.007201.TIF">
1. Atlantic Ocean
2. Norwegian Sea
3. Barents Sea
4. North Sea
5. Baltic Sea
6. Mediterranean Sea
Commission statement
The Commission in its report under Article 17(3) will, with the assistance of the Member States, include a cost-benefit study.